Marko Rupnik

Rupnik was born 28 November 1954 to Ivan and Ivanka Kaucic in Zadlog, a village in the Municipality of Idrija, in western Slovenia, at the time part of Yugoslavia. After finishing elementary school in Idrija, Rupnik continued his secondary education at the Minor Seminary in Vipava. In 1973 Rupnik joined the Society of Jesus. After completing his novitiate, he studied philosophy at the , and then in 1977 enrolled at the Academy of Fine Arts in Rome, where he studied painting, graduating in 1981. He then enrolled in the theology program at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome. In 1985 Rupnik was ordained a priest in Koper, but continued to study at the Gregorian, specializing now in missiology. From 1987 to 1991, he lived in Gorizia, in the Jesuit center Stella Matutina, where he worked while also writing his dissertation. In 1991 he received his doctorate in missiology from the Gregorian, with his thesis on "The Theological Missionary Meaning of Art in the Writings of Vjačeslav Ivanovič Ivanov". ==Artistic and theological career==

In 1991, Rupnik returned to Rome, at the same time Tomáš Špidlík took up a residence at the newly founded Centro Alleti. Rupnik and Špidlík went on to become close friends, with Špidlík serving as a spiritual mentor for Rupnik. In 1995 Rupnik was appointed director of the newly founded "Spiritual Arts" division of (''Atelier d'Arte spirituale del Centro Aletti), a department of the Pontifical Oriental Institute. Centro Aletti'' was set up primarily for central and eastern European scholars and artists to interact with their western counterparts, and became specialized in mosaic creation. ==Allegations of spiritual and sexual abuse==

Investigations The Society of Jesus issued a statement on 2 December 2022, confirming that Rupnik had undergone a canonical investigation in the previous months at the request of the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith ("DDF"). In 2021 the DDF had received a complaint of alleged abuse against some nuns in 1995; no minors were involved in the allegations. The Society of Jesus then appointed a religious from another institute as external investigator, while Rupnik was placed under various restrictions, such as bans on hearing confessions, giving spiritual direction, conducting spiritual exercises, and engaging in public activities without a local superior's permission, as a precautionary measure. When the DDF received the result of the investigation, it dismissed the case: according to canon law, the statute of limitations expires after 20 years, whereas the charges referred to incidents almost 30 years earlier. One of the victims reported the abuse to the archbishop of Ljubljana at the time, Alojzij Šuštar and to Tomáš Špidlík, a Jesuit priest who was later made a cardinal. In October 1993, Šuštar without explanation removed Rupnik from the Loyola Community of Mengeš. After his conviction, Rupnik preached in 2020 a Lenten meditation for priests working in the Roman Curia, including Pope Francis and Luis Ladaria Ferrer, then-Prefect of the DDF, both fellow Jesuits. Rupnik created the logo for the 2022 World Meeting of Families and he met privately with Pope Francis on 3 January 2022. According to journalist Nicole Winfield, the "Rupnik's scandal has underscored the weaknesses in the Vatican's abuse policies concerning spiritual and sexual abuse of adult women, and how powerful priests can often count on high-ranking support even after credible allegations against them are lodged." Expulsion from Jesuits and transfer to Koper On 15 June 2023, following his "stubborn refusal to observe the vow of obedience", the Superior General Father Arturo Sosa expelled Rupnik from the Society of Jesus. The Centro Aletti Institute made a statement criticizing the Society of Jesus for not mentioning, at that Fr. Rupnik himself had asked permission to leave the order already in January 2023 after having lost all confidence in his superiors. In October 2023, it was released that Rupnik had been incardinated into the Slovenian Diocese of Koper in August. On 27 October 2023, Pope Francis lifted the statute of limitations to allow the case against Rupnik to reopen. Branciani alleged, among other things, Rupnik subjected her to "spiritual, psychological and sexual abuse," forced her and another nun into three way sex with him and also had her visit pornographic theaters with him during a visit to Rome. In March of the same year, the Jesuits offered reparations to 20 women who had been abused by the artist. Canonical trial In March 2025, the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith began selecting judges for a canonical trial of Rupnik. According to Cardinal Víctor Fernández, the process was slowed by the need to find judges who were not actively serving in the Roman Curia. By October of the same year, five judges, including women and clerics who are not members of the DDF, were empaneled. Film A film, Nuns vs the Vatican, directed by Lorena Luciano and executive-produced by Mariska Hargitay was first shown at the 2025 Toronto International Film Festival on 6 September 2025. It centres around two of the dozens of alleged victims of Rupnik, Gloria Branciani and Mirjam Kovac, and was described as further exploring a complicated stain on Pope Francis's legacy. ==Works==

Mosaics Rupnik's art, which Catholics kneel and pray before, was created while he was allegedly perpetrating abuse. The Vatican eventually ordered all Rupnik's art to be removed from its websites. • Church of Saint Peter and Paul in Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina • Church of Saint John Paul II, Krakow, Poland • Basilica of the National Shrine of the Blessed Virgin of Ta' Pinu, Malta • Sanctuary of Saint Pio of Pietrelcina, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy • Basilica of the Holy Trinity, Fátima, Portugal • Redemptoris Mater Chapel, Vatican City Books English editions: • In the Fire of the Burning Bush: An Initiation to the Spiritual Life by Marko Ivan Rupnik (2004) • Discernment: Acquiring the Heart of God by Marko Ivan Rupnik (2006) • Human Frailty, Divine Redemption: The Theology and Practice of the Examen by Marko Ivan Rupnik (2012) • Contemplating the face of Christ: a way of the cross by Marko Ivan Rupnik (2018) • ''According to the Spirit: Spiritual theology on the move with Pope Francis' Church'' by Marko Ivan Rupnik and Salesians of Don Bosco (2019) ==Notes and references==