As an example of
Baroque art, it's based in principles of symmetry, combined with, while less dramatic than other examples of the same artistic movement, the light technique of
Chiaroscuro, a dark background contrasted with the source of light coming from the viewer's point of view, resulting in depth and dramatism added to the work, highlighting the nudity in such. Being in the genre of mythological paintings, this painting is a satirical depiction of the god
Mars, inspired by models such as the Hellenistic and classical
Ludovisi Ares (attributed to the sculptor
Scopas), and
Il Pensieroso, one of
Michelangelo's sculptures for the
Medici in the new sacristy of the
Basilica of San Lorenzo. Such are reinterpreted satirically or ironically by Velázquez, showing the god as a humanized form. As the name implies, the god is depicted resting, an expression of contemplation, resignation, deep in thought, or perhaps one of weariness. While a god of war, which can be identified by the spear against his thigh, the discarded armor on the floor and the helmet, the deity is depicted vulnerable, in the nude, unlike his usual representations, he's not dressed for battle. A sense of decrepitude and saturnal melancholy to him. The sagging skin perhaps showcasing how the god is not as strong as it once used to be. For
Charles de Tolnay, this painting has a motive of
Vanitas, saturnal melancholy suggesting that Mars is
meditating the vanity of his victory, though its also possibly referencing the decaying
Army of Flanders, also known as the Tercios de Flandes with the loss of the
Battle of Rocroi against the French army, which could be interpreted through the moustache. And while interesting, such an interpretation is also put to question when considered how Velázquez desired to be ennobled, with the argument that damaging the reputation of the Spanish army, no matter how frustrated he might be, could be against his own interests, alongside his loyalty to the Spanish King. Its also debated whether the painting may represent the frustrated love with the goddess
Venus, an affair that was put to an end by the god
Vulcan, her husband, whom after being aware of the infidelity wove an iron mesh to surprise the lovers, as depicted in another of Velázquez's paintings
Apollo in the Forge of Vulcan. White sheets behind him being where the lovers were surprised, as the god reflects in defeated sadness. ==See also==