The pinnacle of Mary Lefkowitz’s controversy surrounding Afrocentrism in the classics took form in her years-long scholarly debate with
Martin Bernal. Bernal is the author of
Black Athena: The Afroasiatic Roots of Classical Civilization, a work that argues the deep influence of Egyptian (and therefore African) influence on Greek culture, language, and society. The claims that Martin Bernal argues in his text alarmed Lefkowitz to such an extent that she wrote two extensive publications. The first,
Black Athena: Revisited, is a collection of essays edited by Lefkowitz that responds directly to Bernal’s work with strong criticism. The second,
Not Out of Africa: How Afrocentrism Became an Excuse to Teach Myth as History, is a text devoted to Lefkowitz’s anti-Afrocentrism argument, tying in her arguments against Bernal. The aforementioned work ignited what then became a continued back-and-forth between Lefkowitz and Bernal. Bernal wrote a response to
Not Out of Africa in which he attacked the legitimacy of Lefkowitz’s argument. He argued that Lefkowitz “discover(s) what she wants and then fail(s) to check further”, and that her work is “sloppy” and clearly “written in a hurry”. He attacked her argument, and character, by discussing her view of history as being what he calls the “Aryan Model” of history, in this way associating her argument with a word associated with Nazism and White Supremacy. This response was quickly followed up by Lefkowitz with her own response:
Lefkowitz on Bernal on Lefkowitz, Not Out of Africa. In this, she took a fiery tone against Bernal and defended her own claims while again working to refute Black Athena’s arguments. This written debate culminated in a live debate when Lefkowitz and Guy MacLean Rogers joined in a discussion with Bernal, along with the Afrocentric scholar
John Henrik Clarke. Much like the paper responses, this debate was heated, with interruptions and intense disagreements. The controversy continued when Lefkowitz’s
Black Athena Revisited was reviewed by
Molefi Kete Asante. Asante criticized Lefkowitz for her perceived inability to believe that ancient Africans influenced Greek culture and claimed that racism was a primary component of classical historians' arguments, despite their assertions otherwise. Asante argued what he believed is the true argument that these historians, Lefkowitz included, sought to make: “Their contention, in the face of evidence, is that it is improbable and even impossible that a black civilization could have any significant impact on a white civilization.” Asante claimed the book's arguments were connected to a history of
colonialism and
white supremacy, concluding that
Black Athena: Revisited is a “helpful book for African scholars who are able to see in this volume all the agency that whites give to themselves and what they take away from Africans.” In 2008, Lefkowitz published
History Lesson, which
The Wall Street Journal described as a "personal account of what she experienced as a result of questioning the veracity of Afrocentrism and the motives of its advocates." She was attacked in newsletters from the Wellesley Africana Studies Department by her colleague
Tony Martin. which turned into a rancorous, personal conflict with anti-Semitic elements. Martin stated in May 1994 at Cornell University that "Black people should interpret their own reality...Jews have been in the forefront of efforts to thwart the interpretation of our own history." In another incident described in her book,
Yosef A. A. Ben-Jochannan, the author of
Africa: The Mother of Western Civilization, gave the Martin Luther King lecture at Wellesley in 1993. Lefkowitz attended this lecture with her husband,
Sir Hugh Lloyd-Jones. In that lecture, Ben-Jochannan stated that
Aristotle stole his philosophy from the
Library of Alexandria, Egypt. During the question and answer session following the lecture, Lefkowitz asked Ben-Jochannan, "How would that have been possible, when the library was not built until after his death?" Ben-Jochannan simply replied that the dates were uncertain. Sir Hugh responded, "Rubbish!" Lefkowitz writes that Ben-Jochannan proceeded to tell those present that "they could and should believe what
black instructors told them" and "that although they might think that Jews were all 'hook-nosed and sallow faced,' there were other Jews who looked like himself." ==Personal life==