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Matacoan languages

Matacoan is a language family of northern Argentina, western Paraguay, and southeastern Bolivia.

Family division
Matacoan consists of four clusters of languages: Wichí, Chorote, Nivaĉle, and Maká. Wichí and Chorote constitute a well-supported clade within the family. It has also been proposed that Maká and Nivaĉle form a clade, however, Nivaĉle also shares several innovations with Chorote–Wichí, casting doubt on the validity of the Maká–Nivaĉle clade. Gordon (2005) in Ethnologue divides Wichí into three separate languages and Chorote into two languages. • Matacoan • Wichí-Chorote • Wichí (also known as Mataco, Wichi, Wichí Lhamtés, Weenhayek, Noctenes, Matahuayo, Matako, Weʃwo. The name Mataco is common but pejorative.) • Vejoz (also known as Vejo, Pilcomayo, Bermejo, Wichí Lhamtés Vejoz) • Noktén (also known as Noctén, Wichí Lhamtés Nocten) • Wiznay (also known as Güisnay, Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay) • Matawayo (also known as Matahuayo) • Chorote (also known as Chorotí, Yofúaha, Tsoloti) • Manhui (also known as Manjuy, Manjui, Iyo’wujwa Chorote) • Eklenhui (also known as Eclenjuy, Eklehui, Iyojwa’ja Chorote, Chorote, Choroti) • (?) Maká-Nivaclé • Nivaclé (also known as Nivaĉle, Chulupí–Ashlushlay, Chulupí, Ajlujlay, Alhulhai, Niwaklé, Niwaqli, Churupi, Chulupe. The name Chulupí is common but pejorative.) • Forest Nivaclé • River Nivaclé • Maká (also known as Macá, Maca, Towolhi, Toothle, Nynaka, Mak’á, Enimaca, Enimaga) • Ma’ká (also known as Towolhi) • Enimaga (also known as Enimaa, Kochaboth) Mason (1950) Internal classification by Mason (1950): • Mataco-Maca • Mataco • Mataco-Mataguayo • Mataco • Guisnay • Nocten (Octenai) • Mataguayo • Northern: Hueshuo, Pesatupe, Abucheta • Southern: Vejoz • Chorotí-Ashluslay • Chorotí (Yofuaha) • Ashluslay (Chulupí, Chonopí, Sukin, Sotiagay, Tapieté) • Macá (Enimagá, Cochaboth, Guaná, Lengua) • Enimagá • Macá (Towothli, Toosle) • Guentusé • Cochaboth-Lengua Nikulin & Carol (2024) Internal classification by Nikulin & Carol (2024): • Mataguayan • Maká • Fisket Ɫeiɫets • Aseptiket Ɫeiɫets • Nivaĉle • Chishamnee Lhavos • Shichaam Lhavos • Yita’ Lhavos • Chorote–Wichí • Chorote • Iyojwa’aja’ • Iyo’awujwa’–Manjui • Iyo’awujwa’ • Manjui • Jlimnájnas • Jlawá’a Wos • Wichí • Northwestern Wichí • ’Weenhayek • Guisnay (Lower Pilcomayeño) • Vejoz • Southeastern Wichí • Rivadavia • Lower Bermejeño ==Proto-language==
Proto-language
Major reconstructions of Proto-Mataguayo include those by Viegas Barros (2002) (see the corresponding Spanish article for a list of reconstructions) and Nikulin & Carol (2024). Animal and plant names The following reconstructions of Proto-Mataguayan animal and plant names are from Nikulin & Carol (2024). ;Abbreviations • (MN): reflexes only in Maká and Nivaclé, although the reconstructions are still at the Proto-Mataguayan level • (ChW): reflexes only in Chorote and Wichí, although the reconstructions are still at the Proto-Mataguayan level Invertebrates Fish Reptiles and amphibians Birds Mammals Plants ==References==
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