Roughan's work has been funded by the
Australia Research Council, Australian Marine National Facility, Australian Federal and State Government programs, the New Zealand Ministry of Business Industry and Education, the
US Office of Naval Research. She also undertakes contracted research and consultancy. Recent work has focussed on drivers of
ocean warming in the East Australian Current and drivers of ocean warming in the western boundary currents of the Southern Hemisphere. Since 2006, Roughan has taken a key role in the design, deployment and ongoing development of one of the most comprehensive ocean observing systems in the southern hemisphere through her involvement in Australia's Integrated Marine Observing System. She has served on the NSW-IMOS leadership team since inception, including serving as leader and deputy leader of NSW IMOS node from 2007–2013 and a continuing member of the National Coastal Mooring Network Steering Committee. She leads the NSW-IMOS moorings sub-facility responsible for the continued deployment and maintenance of up to 10 oceanographic moorings along the coast of SE Australia. She continues to lead the science driving the deployment of ocean gliders and radar along the length of the East Australian Current. In recognition of her contribution to ocean observing she was invited to join the scientific programme committee for Ocean Obs2019, a once per decade conference on Ocean Observing. Roughan was inaugural director of the Moana Project from 2017–2020 where she led the design, funding and implementation of an $11.5M MBIE project to investigate Marine heatwaves and ocean dynamics around New Zealand.
Research cruises Roughan led a 24 day voyage on the RV Investigator Australia's Marine National Facility in Austral Spring 2023 (IN2023_V06) funded by a large Australian Research Council Discovery Project Grant. The voyage was noted as being one of the first investigations of ocean eddies in conjunction with a new satellite SWOT. Additionally the voyage provided new insight into the dynamics and evolution of large ocean eddies. Roughan has previously led research voyages aboard several of Australia's Marine National Facility research vessels including the RV Investigator IN2015 V03 (Brisbane- Sydney) and the RV Southern Surveyor ST 02/2006 (Sydney–Noumea). She has also participated in two scientific cruises to the Antarctic: Antarctic Astrolabe 2000 Roughan served on the Australian Marine National Facility Research Advisory Committee from 2017-2023. == Prizes, honours and awards ==