Delafosse was born on 20 December 1870 in the village of
Sancergues in central France. He was the son of René Françoise Célestin Delafosse and Elise Marie Bidault and had five siblings. Delafosse is known for his contributions to West African history and African languages. He began his study of Arabic in 1890 at the
École des langues orientales with the renowned
orientalist, Octave Houdas. He traveled to Algeria in 1891 with the Frères armés du Sahara, a Catholic organization concerned with combating the Trans-Saharan slave trade. Shortly afterwards, he spent one year in the French military as a
zouave, second class, before returning to his formal studies at the École des langues orientales. After receiving his diploma, he was appointed as an assistant to Indigenous Affairs in the new French colony of
Côte d'Ivoire. For a period the future ethnologist
Charles Monteil was his assistant in the Côte d'Ivoire. Delafosse had disagreements with the French government over the administration of
French Africa, and, as a result, was "more or less banned from the colonies" for a large part of his life. He served as one of the seven members of the
Temporary Slavery Commission of the
League of Nations in 1924–1925. ==Selected publications==