The median umbilical ligament may be used as a landmark for surgeons who are performing
laparoscopy, such as laparoscopic
inguinal hernia repair. Other than this, it has no function in a born human and may be cut or removed with impunity. It contains the
urachus, which is the obliterated form of the
allantois. The allantois forms a communication between the
cloaca (terminal part of
hindgut) and the
amniotic sac during
embryonic development. If the
urachus fails to close during fetal life, it can result in anatomical abnormalities such as a
urachal cyst,
urachal fistula,
urachal diverticulum or
urachal sinus. In very rare cases the
urachus can fail to close fully. This can lead to a condition known as a
patent urachus (also
urachal fistula). Although it is mainly immediately diagnosed after birth it can occur at any stages of life. In this condition there is a functional tubular connection between the umbilicus and the bladder which can lead to urine draining through the umbilicus. Patients often present with umbilical wetness or recurring infections in the area. Treatment options include laparoscopic surgery, excision of the umbilicus or conservative therapy. Due to limited risks conservative therapy, while still being chosen rarely, has been gaining some traction in the last years. == Society and culture ==