Melipona subnitida

Melipona subnitida is part of the family Apidae. This species is within the tribe Meliponini ("stingless bees"), and was originally described by Adolpho Ducke, a Brazilian researcher. ==Description and identification==

The Melipona subnitida species is divided into the queen, female workers, and males within each colony. They are identifiable by their obscure metasomal bands, lack of facial maculation, and fulvous thoracic pile. Queen characteristics The queen of the Melipona subnitida typically only mates with one male, resulting in high relatedness between female offspring of 0.75 since males are haploid so sisters are 100% related through the male line and half related through the female. The queen lays eggs and lives with her daughters, who are expected to stay with her and help her to maintain the young. The queen is identifiable by her lack of pollen carrying hairs on certain legs and she is smaller in size. Also, her abdomen becomes highly expanded, to a point it can no longer fly. Workers The workers of this species maintain the strongest fighting abilities, and come from larger cells than males. Males The males of Melipona subnitida are reared similarly to workers, although they are raised in different cell sizes. Workers of M. subnitida strongly resemble those of Melipona favosa. ==Distribution and habitat==

Melipona subnitida are commonly found in northeastern Brazil where they are thought to be an important pollinator and honey producer. They are found specifically in the hollow trunks of living Bursera leptophloeos trees. They are notable of the caatinga biome, where they are important in the economy of the human population there due to their pollination and honey production. The queen maintains her power by killing cells that may contain potential queens. Only one queen may exist in a colony at a time and she lays eggs and lives together with her daughters. It is the responsibility of the daughters to take care of brood, protect the nest, and forage for food. Colony decline Causes of colony decline are the destructive extraction of colonies for profit, or from deforestation, thus destroying the homes of this species. ==Parasites==

This species has been observed to be a host for a variety of parasites such as flies, beetle mites, moths, ants, and robber stingless bees. There has specifically been noted an infestation of mantisflies of the M. subnitida colonies in Northeastern Brazil. ==Human importance==

Apiculture This species is known for easy handling and produce good honey. Artificial colonies can be maintained by bee-keepers. It is common to farm this species within urban environments in its native range. Honey production M. subnitida brood chambers may produce one litre of honey a year in the caatinga region of Brazil. This species is able to help the population in this area with a lucrative industry, but the practice is mostly unsustainable due to predatory extraction and deforestation, which are the main causes of the decline of M. subnitida. Wax M. subnitida produces a dark brown wax, which was formerly used to seal food receptacles. Pollen The pollen collected by M. subnitida is mostly from the locally very common plant species Mimosa caesalpiniifolia. Most pollen came from common species found locally, including non-native Eucalyptus. Fabaceae is the most important plant family for this bee species. ==References==