Mental health in Australia

Australia largely instituted a British system of managing mental health, after the arrival of the First Fleet in 1788. Australia had its first psychiatric facility in 1811. Prior to that, individuals with mental illnesses were placed together with convicts and criminals. One of the key moments in Australia's history of mental health care, was its so-called deinstitutionalisation in New South Wales. This came about after the Richmond Report was released in 1983. This report investigated rumours of abuse and injustices towards patients of psychiatric institutions. Controversies over whether the report did any good remain. The first National Mental Health Care Plan was introduced in 1992. There have been six national mental health care plans. The Sixth National Mental Health and Suicide Prevention Plan (Fifth Plan) was published in May 2021. Despite the fact that Australia has been celebrated for its sophisticated mental health management systems, a wide range of issues remain. The Australian Medical Association (AMA) reported in the 2018 mental health review that "Australia lacks an overarching mental health 'architecture'. There is no agreed national design or structure that facilitates prevention or proper care for people with mental illness." While the organisation noted that youth mental health care was fairly successful, it believed that the status of treatment for adults was severely lacking. The AMA argued that the Australian government lacked a structural plan for mental health management and that the future of mental health treatment in Australia was in a dangerous position. The Australian government spent $9.1 billion on mental health related services in 2017. This averages to $375 per person, a rise from $359 in the year prior. In 2016–2017, 7.4% of the Australian government's health expenditure went towards mental health services. Critics have requested an increase in funding, claiming that the mental health budget is far too small. In 2015, mental health accounted for 5.2% of the overall yearly health budgeting, although mental health equated to 12% of the total burden of disease. ==Demographics==

{{Pie chart It is estimated that 45% of Australian, roughly 8.6 million, adults will experience a mental disorder within their lives. Additionally, 3.2 million Australians have had a mental disorder that has lasted for more than 12 months. The most prevalent mental disorders were: anxiety disorders, affective disorders and substance use disorders. 14.4% of Australia's population suffered from anxiety disorders which were more common in females. Affective disorders followed with 6.2% of the population with an equally distributed gender balance. Substance use disorders affected 5.1% of the population, with men being significantly higher (7.7% for males and 3.3% for females). The Australian Health and Wellbeing Institute reported in 2015 that 14% (560,000) of children and adolescents experienced mental health disorders. In terms of other mental disorders, Bipolar I Disorder has been estimated to affect about 1% of the general public and Bipolar II Disorder affects roughly 5% of the population. Bipolar Disorder affects 33% of men in their lifetime. However, experts estimate the number is far higher due to a large portion of undiagnosed cases. Mood disorders have been noted to affect females more than men, with 7.1% and 5.3% respectively. The prevalence of both depression and perinatal depression within the population of mothers in Australia has been noted by health organisations as rather high, with depression seen in 20% of mothers with children aged 24 months or less. Perinatal Depression was found in half of that group. These figures equate to 110,000 mothers with depression and 56,000 with perinatal depression. The report found that a majority of mothers went for treatment from a GP or a mental health organisation/treatment provider. Mental health of Indigenous Australians Suicide In 2015 suicides reached a 13 year high with 3,027 Australians taking their own life. "The male suicide rate ranged from a high of 5.6 times that of females in 1930 to lows of less than twice the female rate in the 1960s and early 1970s—mainly due to the marked rise in female suicide rates at this time. Since then, the male suicide rate has fluctuated around 3–4 times that of the female rate". It is the number one cause of death of people aged 15 to 44. The Australian Bureau of Statistics reports that nearly eight people commit suicide in Australia each day. ==Treatment==

In the last ten years, Australia has made a range of improvements towards treatment for mental health. In 2006, Medicare adapted the benefits schedule to prioritise mental health treatment, with a large increase in the portion of treatment plans prescribed. There were 1.3 million mental health treatment plans prescribed by general practitioners and 4.95 million by psychologist related services. The proportion of individuals that sought out mental health treatment doubled between 1997 and 2007. Australia's key strategy in mental health planning comes down to: first point of contact. Mental health care providers and treaters are focused making the first point of contact the most significant/impactful. Hence, the main recommendation offered by government health organisations, is for the patient to visit their general practitioner. The aim of this is to prevent further harm or damage coming to the patient and to be able to create a personalised mental health treatment plan for the individual patient. == Government supported treatment providers ==

Medicare Mental Health Medicare Mental Health is an online and hotline service designed to assist individuals struggling with mental health issues; all responders are trained health professionals. Medicare Mental Health also has provided over 408 resources for individuals that are struggling, including websites, online programs, apps, forums and the hotline services. Open Arms Open Arms is an organisation aimed at helping veterans and families of veterans with mental trauma, providing assistance and resources. Open Arms is managed by the Department of Veterans' Affairs (DVA) and runs a range of online programs to meet different individual's needs. Beyond Blue Beyond Blue is an organisation that works with individuals struggling from a wide range of mental health issues, mainly: substance abuse disorders, depression disorders and anxiety related disorders. Beyond Blue aims to educate the Australian public about mental health and provide the skills to protect it. The mission statement of Beyond Blue is as follows "We're here for everyone in Australia – at work, home, school, university, online, and in communities across the country." Beyond Blue operates their helpline 24/7 and provides a brief 20-minute consultation for anyone. Headspace Headspace is aimed at aiding adolescents (12–25-year-olds) with issues surrounding mental health. Headspace offers counselling services as the main point of treatment. A key focus is early intervention, to prevent mental illness having a long-lasting impact on an individual's life. Headspace is one of Australia's leading mental health organisations, with over 100 locations across the country, all of which are either free or low cost. Headspace has also launched a further initiative focused on aiding students – Headspace Student Support. Be You Be You is a mental health organisation focused on preventing problems and supporting children's mental health. Their vision is as follows "every learning community is positive, inclusive and resilient – a place where every child, young person, educator and family can achieve their best possible mental health." Lifeline Australia Lifeline is Australia's main suicide prevention hotline and is a registered charity, providing support services and accepting calls 24/7. Lifeline receives a new call every minute from somewhere in Australia. Individuals call Lifeline about a range of mental health problems including: anxiety, stress, depression and suicidal thoughts. The main Lifeline number is: 13 11 14 Healthdirect Healthdirect serves as a portal providing information about Australia's health services and general information about illnesses. Under the Mental Health disorders sub-category, Healthdirect links to a range of other Australian organisations designed to cover a wide range of patient needs. National Mental Health Commission National Mental Health Commission is an organisation that reports on the current status of Australia's mental health support system. The National Mental Health Commission's mission statement "is to give mental health and suicide prevention national attention, to influence reform and to help people live contributing lives by reporting, advising and collaborating." OzHelp Foundation OzHelp Foundation is a non-profit organisation aimed at industry and workplaces, focused on preventing mental illness and improving mental wellbeing of employees. The mission of the OzHelp Foundation is: "OzHelp continue to strive towards improving the mental health and wellbeing of people in the workforce and the wider community." ReachOut Australia ReachOut Australia is the country's leading online mental health service for young people, providing early intervention resources, peer support forums, and practical fact sheets co-designed with young Australians. Established in 1998 as an initiative of the Inspire Foundation, ReachOut was the world's first online mental health service for young people, and has since supported millions of Australians navigating mental health challenges. ReachOut receives Australian Government funding as a recognised digital mental health service. In the 2021–22 Federal Budget, the Australian Government committed $13.1 million to ReachOut's core youth service, which had supported more than 3.6 million Australians in the preceding year. ReachOut has also submitted evidence to the Productivity Commission's Inquiry into the Social and Economic Benefits of Improving Mental Health, providing independently peer-reviewed data on its impact on youth depression, anxiety and suicide risk. Further submissions have been made to the Parliament of Australia on youth mental health and online safety, including data showing 570 duty-of-care interventions conducted in a single year. A 2020 peer-reviewed longitudinal study published in JMIR Mental Health, involving 1,982 ReachOut users tracked over 12 weeks, found statistically significant reductions in symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress, as well as a reduction in the proportion of participants at high risk of suicide. ==See also==