Australian Merchant Navy During the First World War, the government requisitioned Australian merchant vessels for use as transport ships,
hospital ships and
cargo ships. During World War II, they were commissioned for use as hospital ships,
supply ships and armed merchant cruisers, in particular in the
Pacific campaign. Since 2008, 3 September has been officially commemorated as
Merchant Navy Day, on the same day as the pre-existing Australian National Flag Day, which allows the
Australian Red Ensign to be flown on land for the occasion as a matter of protocol, as an official recognition of the merchant navy's contribution in wartime.
British Merchant Navy The British Merchant Navy comprises the British merchant ships that transport cargo and people or conduct specialist tasks during times of peace and war. For much of its history, the merchant navy was the largest merchant fleet in the world, but with the decline of the
British Empire in the mid-20th century it slipped down the rankings. In 1939, the merchant navy was the largest in the world with 33% of total tonnage. By 2012, the merchant navy held only 3% of total tonnage.
Canadian Merchant Navy Canada, like several other Commonwealth nations, created its own merchant navy in a large-scale effort in World War II. Established in 1939, the Canadian Merchant Navy played a major role in the
Battle of the Atlantic bolstering the Allies' merchant fleet due to high losses in the British Merchant Navy. Eventually thousands of Canadians served in the merchant navy aboard hundreds of Canadian merchant ships, notably the "
Park Ship", the Canadian equivalent of the American "
Liberty Ship". A school at
St. Margarets Bay, Nova Scotia, trained Canadian merchant mariners. "Manning pools", merchant navy barracks, were built in Canadian ports.
Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic Greek Merchant Navy controls 23.2% of the world's total
merchant fleet, making it the largest in the world. The Greek maritime fleet is today engaged in commerce and transportation of goods and services universally. It consists of the
merchant vessels owned by
Greek civilians, flying either the
Greek flag or a
flag of convenience. Greece is a maritime nation by tradition, as shipping is arguably the oldest form of occupation of the Greeks and a key element of Greek economic activity since ancient times. In 2015, the Greek Merchant Marine controlled the world's largest
merchant fleet in terms of
tonnage with a total
DWT of 334,649,089 tons and a fleet of 5,226 Greek owned vessels, according to
Lloyd's List. Greece is also ranked highly regarding all types of ships, including first for
tankers and
bulk carriers.
Indian Merchant Navy The birth of the modern Indian Merchant Navy occurred before independence from the United Kingdom, when in 1919
SS Loyalty sailed from India to Britain. Today, India ranks 15th in the world in terms of total
DWT. India currently supplies around 12.8% of officers and around 14.5% of ratings to the world seafaring community. This is one of the highest of any country. India has many merchant shipping companies. Some of the prominent shipping companies in India are
Great Eastern Shipping, Tolani Shipping, SCI now a private company, and Seven Islands Shipping which is an ownership company.
New Zealand Merchant Navy In December 1939, 3,000 seafarers were employed and 186 merchant vessels were on the New Zealand Registry (many larger New Zealand vessels were however registered in London for insurance purposes). Some foreign vessels were impressed, including the four-masted barque,
Pamir. New Zealand, like several other Commonwealth nations, created a merchant navy. However, the "wartime Merchant Navy was neither a military force nor a single coherent body", instead it was "a diverse collection of private companies and ships". Although some ships were involved in the Atlantic and North Pacific trade, mostly this involved domestic and South Pacific cargos. New Zealand-owned ships were involved in trade with the United Kingdom (84% of all New Zealand exports in 1939) and 140 merchant seafarers died (a similar number were also taken prisoner).
Pakistani Merchant Navy The Pakistan Merchant Navy was formed in 1947. The Ministry of Railways and Communication (Port and Shipping Wing), Mercantile Marine Department and Shipping Office established by the
Government of Pakistan. Who were authorized to flag the ships and also ensured that the vessels were sea worthy. All of the private shipping companies merged and formed the National Shipping Corporation (NSC) and the Pakistan Shipping Corporation (PSC) and as a result they had a common flag. Among these companies were the
Muhammadi Steamship Company Limited and the
East & West Steamship Company. In the
Indo-Pakistani war of 1971 Pakistan suffered a great loss, and most of Pakistani vessels were left in Bangladesh, because of having
Bengali speaking crew on them. On 1 January 1974, President of Pakistan
Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto nationalized the National Shipping Corporation and Pakistan Shipping Corporation, and formed the
Pakistan National Shipping Corporation (PNSC) with the intent of reestablishing the Pakistan Merchant Navy. Later, the company was incorporated under the provisions of the Pakistan National Shipping Corporation Ordinance of 1979 and the Companies Ordinance of 1984. Today, the
Pakistan National Shipping Corporation is the national flag carrier. The corporation's head office is located in Karachi. A regional office based in Lahore caters for upcountry shipping requirements. The corporation also has an extensive overseas network of agents looking after its worldwide shipping business. The Pakistan National Shipping Corporation also has several subsidiary companies.
Polish Merchant Navy The Polish Merchant Navy (, PMH) was created in the
interwar period when the
Second Polish Republic regained independence. During
World War II, many ships of the Polish Navy joined the Allied merchant navy and its convoys as part of the
Polish contribution to World War II. After the war, the Polish Merchant Navy was controlled by the
People's Republic of Poland and, after 1989, by modern Poland. , the PMH controlled 57 ships (of 1,000 GT or over) totaling / including 50
bulk carriers, two
general cargo ships, two
chemical tankers, one
roll-on/roll-off ship and two short-sea
passenger ships.
Swiss Merchant Marine Switzerland, despite being a
landlocked country, has a civilian high seas fleet of merchant vessels, whose home port is
Basel, on the
Rhine. The first ships were purchased and operated by the
government in order to ensure the supply of critical resources during World War II. After the war, a privately owned merchant fleet emerged, spurred in part by government subsidies that paid for the fleet's operation up until 1953. As of 2006, 26 ships (mostly
container carriers) totalling 479,624 tons, operated by five shipping companies, flew the
Swiss flag.
U.S. Merchant Marine The United States Merchant Marine is made up of the nation's
civilian-owner merchant ships and government owned ships (
Military Sealift Command,
NOAA,
Army Corps of Engineers,
Department of Homeland Security), and the men and women who crew them. The merchant marine transports cargo and passengers during peacetime. In time of war, the merchant marine is an auxiliary to the
navy and can be called upon to deliver
troops and supplies for the
military. The people of the merchant marine are called "merchant mariners", and are civilians except in times of war, when, in accordance with the
Merchant Marine Act of 1936, they are considered military personnel. As of 2009, the U.S. merchant fleet numbered 422 ships and approximately 69,000 people. Not included in these numbers are the over 700 ships which are owned by American interests but are registered, or
flagged, in other countries. ==See also==