Merritt Barton Curtis was born in 1892 at
San Bernardino, California, son of Israel Hamilton Curtis and Eliza Allen Mee. He attended the
University of California, Berkeley, where he earned his
Bachelor of Arts degree in 1916. Curtis subsequently entered the Marine Corps on August 10, 1917, and was commissioned second lieutenant on that date. He also married Francis Claire Bracewell on April 23, 1917, at
Riverside, California. Curtis was assigned to the
Marine Barracks Quantico,
Virginia, and served there during the whole duration of
World War I. He was transferred to the 1st Provisional Brigade of Marine and sent for duties in
Haiti on June 1, 1920. Curtis was transferred to
Garde d'Haïti in January 1922 and served there until October 1923, when he returned to the United States. He was assigned back to the Marine Barracks Quantico after his arrival, but at the beginning of April 1924, Curtis was transferred to the
Naval Submarine Base New London,
Connecticut, where he was appointed commanding officer of the local Marine detachment. He was later transferred at
Headquarters Marine Corps in
Washington, D.C., where he was assigned to the Paymaster's Office. During his duties in Washington, D.C., Curtis attended
George Washington University and earned a
Bachelor of Laws degree in 1927. As a lawyer, he was a member of the bar in California. ==World War II==