When a
stele from the 12th Dynasty was found in , in which a nearby port called
Saww was mentioned, the
University of Alexandria began an excavation headed by
Abdel Monem A.H. Sayed near the
Graeco-Roman hydreuma (watering station) where the stele was found. As no other pharaonic monuments were found, it was concluded that the stele had been transported in Roman times from Saww to the watering station. The search was continued further east at the mouth of Mersa Gasus, where still no pharaonic remains were found. Just two kilometers further south of Mersa Gawasis, a small stele was discovered with fragmentary inscriptions of the
cartouche of Senusret I and the geographical name
Bia-n-punt. 250 meters west of the harbor, on the north side of Wadi Gawasis, was found a small shrine with the name and titles of Ankhu, valet of Senusret I. The shrine consisted of a limestone anchor as a base, from which the upper holes were cut out. In the inscriptions appeared again the name Saww (as
Sww), which is confirmed as the location of the harbor at Mersa Gawasis. Two hundred meters to the west of the shrine, another small stele was discovered with a limestone anchor as a base. It contained an order from Senusret I to the vizier
Intefiqer for a ship to travel to Bia-Punt. Subsequent excavations in 1977 recovered some pottery shards with hieratic inscriptions listing the content, origin and destination of the vessels. Among them appeared a temple of
Senusret II, the name
Punt and the name of an official from the time of
Senusret III. The finds revealed that
Saww could now be clearly identified with Mersa Gawasis and that in the Middle Kingdom the ships sailed from here to Punt and back. It was found that the ships - as on the outward journey - were disassembled on return and transported to the Nile Valley in pieces. The approximately anchors were made in Mersa Gawasis and on return were left in place and reused, for example as a shrine or stela base. == 2005 discoveries ==