Dangerous (Michael Jackson album)

After the success of his seventh album, Bad (1987), Jackson wanted more independence and control over the creative process. He separated himself from longtime producer Quincy Jones to avoid the perception that his success depended on him. Jackson began working on new tracks in 1989 with a handful of members from the B-team of Bad, including Matt Forger and Bill Bottrell. The album was conceived as a greatest hits collection, Decade, with a handful of new songs, similar to Madonna's The Immaculate Collection. Jackson received $18 million in advance. Decade was scheduled for a late 1989 release but was delayed several times. Another release date was set for November 1990, but it never materialized. Jackson was preoccupied with ongoing changes in his management team while also attempting to realize his film-making ambitions. In June 1990, he collapsed while dancing in his home studio due to a possible panic attack, with symptoms of chest pains, dehydration and inflammation of the ribs. Soon after, Decade was dropped entirely, and Jackson determined that his new material constituted a full album, which he called Dangerous. == Recording ==

, pioneer of the new jack swing genre, as one of his co-producers.|270x270px For nearly two years starting in June 1989, recording took place primarily at Record One in Sherman Oaks, where Jackson arranged for executive control for $4,000 per day. He had been forced out of the production of Bad by Jones, but Jackson brought him back for Dangerous, for which he was known as the "rock guy". Bottrell introduced Jackson to classically trained keyboardist Brad Buxer, who was originally hired as a technician for his expertise in electronic equipment. Buxer recalled: "Musically speaking, we were on the same wavelength; we spoke the same language." The Jackson-Buxer partnership continued for 20 years. For most of the rhythm-oriented tracks, Jackson worked with Loren primarily at Record One. By mid-1991 Jackson had finished the track listing, which included several tracks he recorded with Riley: "Remember the Time", "Dangerous", and "In the Closet". He had planned for "In the Closet" to be a duet with pop singer Madonna, but her half was replaced with Princess Stéphanie of Monaco. A meeting with guitarist Slash took more than a year to co-ordinate, and the two collaborated on "Give In to Me". Swedien recalled recording sessions lasting up to 18 hours. On one occasion, he ordered Jackson not to leave the studio until he sang the vocals for "Keep the Faith" all the way through: "This was scary but he did it. He didn't leave the studio until dawn." Jackson spent $10 million to record Dangerous. Executives at Epic set a deadline for the album, wanting it released before November 28, 1991, Thanksgiving Day. For the last two months of recording, Jackson and Swedien rented hotel rooms located four minutes from Record One, so they could get back to work as soon as possible. Riley said, "When the deadline came, [Jackson] wanted to do more and more songs. ... And then when Michael saw the commercial for Dangerous, the David Lynch thing, we started working hard to get it finished." including the environmental anthem "Earth Song", released on his next album, HIStory. "Superfly Sister", "Ghosts" and "Blood on the Dance Floor" were released on the remix compilation Blood on the Dance Floor: HIStory in the Mix. Loren helped develop "Superfly Sister", while Riley worked on "Ghosts" and "Blood on the Dance Floor". "For All Time", a romantic pop ballad that Jackson liked but did not feel fit Dangerous, was released on the 25th anniversary edition of Thriller. "Slave to the Rhythm" was remastered and released on the 2014 compilation album Xscape. Another Riley outtake, "Joy", featured on Blackstreet's 1994 debut album, which Riley produced. == Composition and lyrics ==

Dangerous is largely influenced by new jack swing and primarily spans pop and R&B. The album also features hip hop and incorporates elements of several other genres, including industrial, funk, electronic, gospel, classical and rock. Much of the album contains samples from CDs that Riley had created himself using a variety of instruments. The car sound effects on "She Drives Me Wild" were taken from a sample CD, and was the first time Riley used unusual sounds in place of the drums on a song. Riley co-produced half the songs on the album. Swedien said of Riley, "He'd come in with a groove, we'd say it wasn't exactly right, and there would be no complaining. He'd just go back and then come back in and blow us away with something like 'Dangerous'." Jackson had recorded a basic idea for the song on a DAT, to which he asked Riley to develop. Riley learned that Heavy D was Jackson's favorite rapper at the time, and suggested that he was brought in to contribute a rap. The ballads, "Keep the Faith" (composed by Jackson, Siedah Garrett and Glen Ballard) and the self-composed "Will You Be There" had sounds of gospel, while "Heal the World" and "Gone Too Soon" were softer pop ballads. "Gone Too Soon", written by Larry Grossman and Buz Kohan, is a tribute to Ryan White following his death due to AIDS in 1990. The album also includes songs of other personal nature, especially in songs such as "She Drives Me Wild", "Remember the Time", "Can't Let Her Get Away", "Who Is It" and "Give In to Me". The title track's subject is similar to that of "Dirty Diana" with the song focusing on a seductress. Though Jackson sang about racial harmony in some of his songs with the Jacksons, "Black or White" was the first song where the lyrics were interpreted with the context of his own changing skin color. In "Why You Wanna Trip on Me", Jackson juxtaposed social ills to his own alleged eccentricities that were covered in the press at the time, asking critics and the tabloid media why they were focusing on the cult of celebrity rather than the multitude of serious problems in the world. Riley performed the guitar parts on an Ovation acoustic, and expected Jackson to have someone brought in to re-record them, but was surprised that Jackson liked what he had put down. == Artwork ==

The album's front cover was painted by American pop surrealist artist Mark Ryden. It displays Jackson behind a gold masquerade mask with the face of a chimpanzee (which may be Jackson's pet Bubbles) atop the mask, and a dog and a bird wearing royal clothing sitting on the left and right side, respectively. The forefront depicts P. T. Barnum, the creator of the Barnum and Bailey circus. Ryden had five days to come up with ideas, and "feverishly worked that week" to produce one design per day. He was instructed to focus on Jackson's eyes, include animals and children, and "show the earth at peril". He was also told that his designs "could be scary, but should still be fun". Ryden said the cover was his most exciting project up to that point. In November 2021, the 30th anniversary of Dangerous, Ryden shared his conceptual drawings for the cover on Instagram for the first time. According to Fraser McAlpine of BBC Music, Ryden depicted Jackson as "a guarded circus artist who has seen glory and the machinery involved in making it happen". == Release and commercial reception ==

In November 1991, days before the debut of the music video "Black or White", David Browne of Entertainment Weekly commented on the high expectations of Dangerous, due to the extended time spent on developing the album and Jackson's lucrative $65 million contract with Sony Music. The writer stated, "[T]here is more riding on the success of Dangerous than on any other album in pop history." Dangerous was first released on November 21, 1991, in the United Kingdom, November 25 in Japan, and November 26 in the United States. It debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 Top Albums chart on December 14, and spent an additional three weeks there. In its first week, it sold 326,500 copies, based on sales from the first five days of the tracking period. In the second week, the album sold 378,000 copies, a 16% increase from the previous week sales. In its third week, Dangerous sold 370,000 copies. At the end of 1991, the total number of sales totalled to 1,074,500 copies sold in the United States and the album was certified platinum. Dangerous opened the year 1992, dated January 4, remaining at number one with 370,000 copies sold. By January 1992, it was certified quadruple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for sales of over four million copies in the US, outpacing both Thriller and Bad in early US sales and roughly equalling the same number as the initial sales of Off the Wall. Dangerous continued to sell strongly in 1992 and 1993 in the US. In 1993, following several personal and promotional appearances, album sales for Dangerous grew significantly. Following Jackson's performance at the Inauguration of U.S. President Bill Clinton, sales increased 36% and the album jumped from 131 to 88 on the week of February 6, 1993. In the next week, sales increased 83% and the album jumped to 41 following his appearance on the American Music Awards 1993 where he won 3 awards. Sales increased 40% in the following week due to the historic ratings of the Halftime Super Bowl performance and the album jumped again from 88 to 41 on the Billboard 200 selling over 21,000. On the next week, the album continued to climb to number 26 selling 29,000, up 40% of the previous week. On the week of February 27, 1993, album sales increased again because of the strong ratings due to the Michael Jackson Talks ... to Oprah TV special, selling close to 60,000 units and jumping from 26 to 12. In the following week, the album finally reentered the top 10 in the United States. As of December 1993, sales for Dangerous were around 4.8 million copies and 5.5 million by September 1995. In August 2018, the album was certified eight-times platinum by the RIAA for sales of over 8 million copies. In Europe, it was reported that the album reached 4 million copies in shipments before it was released, becoming an all-time record at the time. It dominated global charts, debuting at number one in the UK with 205,000 copies sold within a 3-day tracking period and becoming the fastest number-one selling album of all time in the UK, while also reaching number one in 12 other territories, including Australia, France, Germany, the Netherlands, and Spain. Due to the massive success of the Dangerous World Tour, album sales for Dangerous received a boost. In the first four weeks of his tour in 1992, sales of the album increased from 6.8 million to 7.2 million units in Europe. Dangerous was awarded as the best selling album worldwide of 1992. It reached the 10 million mark in sales in the first two months after its release; Jackson's two previous albums, Bad and Thriller, each took more than four months to achieve that goal. By September 1994, the album had reportedly sold 25 million copies worldwide. By recent estimates, Dangerous has sold over 32 million copies worldwide making it one of the best-selling albums of all time. == Promotion ==

" at the Dangerous World Tour in 1992 Similar to the way in which record label executives had approached Bad, expectations were set at a high bar for Dangerous. In September 1991, Jackson netted a deal to have his videos air on FOX alongside regular music-video channels MTV, BET and VH1. The 11-minute video for "Black or White" debuted on November 14, 1991, and was broadcast across 27 countries. 500 million viewers reportedly watched it—the largest audience ever for a music video. The music video and its controversy boosted the sale of Dangerous, as did the broadcast of videos for "Remember the Time" and "In the Closet". Jackson performed the live debuts of "Black or White" with Slash, and "Will You Be There" during ''MTV's 10th Anniversary Special that was pre-recorded in July and later aired on ABC two days after the release of Dangerous''. The Dangerous: The Short Films collection of music videos from Dangerous, with behind-the-scenes footage, was released in 1993. Jackson embarked on the Dangerous World Tour, which grossed $100 million (equivalent to $177 million in 2020) and drew nearly 4 million people across 72 concerts. All profits from the tour were donated to charities including Jackson's Heal the World Foundation. The Bucharest concert was filmed on October 1, 1992, for broadcast on HBO on October 10. Jackson sold the film rights for the concert for $20 million, then the highest amount for a concert performer to appear on television. The airing of the HBO concert special, Michael Jackson: Live in Bucharest, revived sales of the album. Jackson made personal appearances in early 1993, including the American Music Awards and Grammy Awards, when he accepted the Grammy Legend Award from his sister Janet. He also filmed a widely discussed interview with Oprah Winfrey and made a half-time performance at the Super Bowl XXVII, which started the NFL's trend of signing top acts to appear during the Super Bowl to attract more viewers and interest. The performance helped return Dangerous to the US album chart's top 10. In August 1993, as the third leg of the Dangerous World Tour began, the first allegations of child sexual abuse against Jackson became public and received worldwide media attention. In November, Jackson canceled the remainder of the tour, citing health problems arising from the scandal. == Singles ==

The lead single, "Black or White", was released in November 1991, reaching the top of the Billboard Hot 100 chart three weeks after it was released and staying there for seven weeks. It was the fastest chart-topper since the Beatles' "Get Back" in 1969 and the best-selling single worldwide of 1992. "Remember the Time" peaked at number three on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart and number one on the R&B Singles Chart. It reached number one in New Zealand charts for two consecutive weeks. In the United Kingdom, the song charted at number three, where it peaked. It peaked at number four in the Netherlands and Switzerland. The song also charted within the top ten on the French, Australian, Swedish, Italian, and Norwegian charts; peaking at number five, six, eight and ten. The album's third single, "In the Closet" peaked at number six on the Billboard Hot 100, also reached number one on the R&B Singles Chart, becoming the album's third consecutive top 10 hit. In the United Kingdom, the song charted at number eight, where it peaked. The song's female vocal was originally labeled "Mystery Girl" but was later revealed to be Princess Stéphanie of Monaco. "Jam" only reached number 26 on the Billboard Hot 100, despite heavy promotion. The music video of the song featured NBA icon Michael Jordan. The song was played in the Chicago Bulls' 1992 NBA Championship video Untouchabulls and was used in many promotional NBA ads of that season. In the UK, the single reached the top twenty, where it peaked at number 13. "Who Is It" peaked at number 14 on the United States' Billboard Hot 100, while peaking at number six on Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, as well as topping the Hot Dance Club Play. The song peaked on the United Kingdom music chart at number ten. It remained within the top 100 positions for seven consecutive weeks from July to September 1992. In France, the track peaked at number eight on August 29. "Heal the World" peaked at number 27 on the Billboard Hot 100. The song reached number two in the UK Singles Chart in December 1992, kept off the number one position by Whitney Houston's "I Will Always Love You". In a 2001 Internet chat with fans, Jackson said "Heal the World" was the song he was most proud to have created. Netherlands and Australia, while hitting the top of the charts in New Zealand. "Will You Be There" was the last top-10 single on the Billboard Hot 100 from the album, peaking at number seven. It was the theme of the 1993 film Free Willy. Its appearance in the film also helped sales for Dangerous. "Gone Too Soon", another overseas single, was more moderately received, charting within the top 40 in the UK. Jackson performed the song at president-elect Bill Clinton's inauguration celebration An American Reunion: The 52nd Presidential Inaugural Gala. == Critical reception ==

Dangerous was generally a critical success. Robert Christgau of The Village Voice deemed it Jackson's most consistent album since Off the Wall and a step up from Bad despite his "annoying" vocal mannerisms. While he felt Jackson was too insistent with the "faith-hope-and-charity" message songs, Christgau applauded the production's "abrasively unpredictable" rhythms and the "sex-and-romance" songs, calling them the most plausible of Jackson's career. further elaborating that the album has a "rawer, edgier sound" compared to Jackson's previous albums, owing to the replacement of Jones with Riley and Bottrell. Chris Willman, writing for the Los Angeles Times, particularly praised the first half of the album for having "remarkable uniformity", crediting the inclusion of hip hop and contemporary R&B for this. However, although the album was "mostly good, expertly made fun", it was far from Jackson's best work in Willman's view. Willman also criticized "Heal the World" as "goofily embarrassing" and "venturing into the realm of self-parody". Some journalists were critical of the album. Jon Pareles of The New York Times called it Jackson's "least confident" solo album yet. He believed Jackson sounded anxious and out of place with Riley's electronic beats while panning the "dogmatically ordinary" lyrics of the love songs, writing that "they seem based on demographic research rather than experience or imagination". David Browne of Entertainment Weekly was of similar view, calling Dangerous the least assured record of Jackson's post-Motown career, as Jackson makes "a belabored attempt to be all things to all record buyers at a time when such a goal may be beyond even Jackson's reach". Dave Larsen gave an underhwelming review of the album in Dayton Daily News, describing its first five tracks as "dull and sterile-sounding" and having the "same incessant beat". Larsen criticized Jackson for "following musical trends instead of setting them". Awards Dangerous earned Jackson numerous awards. The album received four Grammy Award nominations at the 1993 ceremony including three for Jackson: Best Pop Vocal Performance for "Black or White", and Best R&B Vocal Performance and Best R&B Song for "Jam". Dangerous was awarded Best Engineered Album, Non Classical, making it Jackson's third consecutive album to win the award; it went to the producers Riley and Swedien. Jackson won two awards and received five nominations total at the 1993 American Music Awards, with the album winning Favorite Pop/Rock Album and "Remember the Time" winning Favorite Soul/R&B Song. Jackson won Best R&B/Soul Album of the Year – Male and Best R&B/Soul Single – Male for "Remember the Time" at the 1993 Soul Train Music Awards. At the 1993 NAACP Image Awards, "Black or White" won Outstanding Music Video, and Jackson won the Entertainer of the Year Award. At the 1993 World Music Awards, Jackson was awarded the Best-Selling World Artist of the Year and the American Recording Artist of the Year. At the 1994 MTV Movie Awards, "Will You Be There" won Best Song From a Movie. Internationally, the album earned Jackson the Best International Album award by Rockbjörnen, a Swedish music prize. The Japan Gold Disc Awards also awarded it Grand Prix Album of the Year. Jackson's continued dominance with the release of Dangerous into the new decade garnered him several special awards. Jackson's venture into philanthropy during the Dangerous era was also recognized. The 1992 Billboard Music Awards awarded Jackson Best Worldwide Album for Dangerous and Best Worldwide Single for "Black or White", both of which were special awards. This was in recognition of their respective world record sales. The inaugural International Artist Award by the American Music Awards also went to Jackson in recognition of his global success and humanitarian efforts; it was his third special award by the organization, following the Merit in 1984 and the Lifetime Achievement in 1989. At the 1993 Soul Train Music Awards, Jackson won the special Humanitarian Award. In Spin's list of The 300 Best Albums of the Past 30 Years (1985–2014), the album was ranked at number 132. Spin writer Chuck Eddy named it one of the essential new jack swing albums in a list published by the magazine. In Colin Larkin's third edition of the All Time Top 1000 Albums (2000), Dangerous was ranked number 325. Additionally, it was ranked number 13 in the list of the Soul/R&B – All Time Top 50 albums. Dangerous was ranked number 43 in Billboard list of the Greatest of All Time R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, out of 100 albums. Accolades == Legacy ==

Reappraisal Contemporary reviews on Dangerous have shown greater critical appraisal than it initially received upon release; some have considered it as Jackson's artistic peak. Following the special edition release of Dangerous in 2001, Ben Werner of Edmonton Journal lauded the album as "an all-stops-out opus that, in its best moments, shames it predecessors". Consequence of Sound Michael Roffman described the album as "Jackson's 90s masterpiece". Jeff Weiss of Pitchfork called it "Jackson's final classic album and the best full-length of the New Jack Swing era." According to Weiss, Dangerous "might be Jackson's most complete album, spanning dance music to dark nights of the soul. It's a portrait of a persecuted genius". Scholar Susan Fast thought of Dangerous as Jackson's coming-of-age album: "[The album] offers a compelling narrative arc of postmodern angst, love, lust, seduction, betrayal, damnation, and above all else racial politics, in ways heretofore unseen in his music." Tari Ngangura of Vice described Dangerous as one of the "greatest introspective albums of all time". Critic Joseph Vogel described the album as Jackson's most socially conscious record, most personally revealing—similar to Stevie Wonder's Songs in the Key of Life—and the most groundbreaking record of its era. He added "Dangerous is gaining admirers as more people move beyond the extraneous nonsense that was so prominent in contemporaneous reviews and pay attention to its content: its prescient themes, its vast inventory of sounds, its panoramic survey of musical styles ... His R&B-rap fusions set the blueprint for years to come, while his industrial soundscapes and metallic beats were later popularized by artists as disparate as Nine Inch Nails and Lady Gaga". Also writing for The Guardian in 2018, Vogel said, "Returning to [Dangerous] now, without the hype or biases that accompanied its release in the early 90s, one gets a clearer sense of its significance ... it surveyed the cultural scene—and the internal anguish of its creator—in compelling ways ... The contemporary music scene is certainly far more indebted to Dangerous". Vogel also credited the album as a significant factor to the transformation of Black music. Williams also considered the album as a significant record of the 90s; it asserted Jackson as a formidable force in popular music amid the rise of grunge and gangsta rap. Molly Brizzell of Screen Rant praised Dangerous: "Where its predecessor, Bad, may have played things safe to replicate Thriller success, Dangerous wasn't afraid to be bold and different." Al Shipley of Spin was of praise for Dangerous, ranking it in fourth place in the publication's list of all of Jackson's albums (including his discography as part of the Jackson 5/Jacksons). Shipley wrote, "On Dangerous, Riley helps carve a sharper figure out of the bloat and bombast that defines all of Jackson’s post-Thriller albums, and Jackson’s increasingly percussive vocal style came alive in new ways over Riley’s propulsive new jack swing tracks." == Track listing ==

Credits adapted from the album's CD booklet Notes • signifies a co-producer == Personnel ==

Personnel as listed in the album's liner notes. • John Bahler – vocal and choir arrangements • The John Bahler Singers – choir • Glen Ballard – arrangements • John Barnes – keyboards • Michael Boddicker – synthesizer , sequencer , keyboards and programming • Bill Bottrell – producer, engineer, and mixing ; guitar ; drums ; percussion, rap, and intro voice-over ; synthesizer ; bass guitar and mellotron • Craig Brock – assistant guitar engineer • Brad Buxer – keyboards , synthesizer , percussion , programming • Larry Corbett – cello • Andraé Crouch – choir arrangements • Sandra Crouch – choir arrangements • The Andraé Crouch Singers – choir • Heavy D – rap • George Del Barrio – string arrangements • Matt Forger – engineer and mixing , engineering and sound design • Kevin Gilbert – speed sequencer • Endre Granat – concertmaster • Linda Harmon – soprano voice • Jerry Hey – arrangements • Jean-Marie Horvat – engineer • Michael Jackson – producer and lead vocals , background vocals , arrangements , vocal arrangements , rhythm arrangements , director , soprano voice • Paul Jackson Jr. – guitar • Terry Jackson – bass guitar • Louis Johnson – bass guitar • Abraham Laboriel – bass guitar • Christa Larson – ending solo vocal • Rhett Lawrence – synthesizer ; drums, percussion, and arrangements ; synthesizer programming • Bryan Loren – drums , synthesizer • Johnny Mandel – orchestral arrangements and conductor • Jasun Martz – keyboards • Andres McKenzie – intro voice-over • Jim Mitchell – guitar engineer • René Moore – arrangements and keyboards • David Paich – keyboards , synthesizer , keyboard arrangements and programming , rhythm arrangements • Marty Paich – orchestral arrangements and conductor • Greg Phillinganes – keyboards • Tim Pierce – heavy metal guitar • Jeff Porcaro – drums • Steve Porcaro – synthesizer , keyboards and programming • Teddy Riley – producer, engineer, mixing, and synthesizers ; keyboards ; guitar ; rhythm arrangements ; synthesizer arrangements ; drums and arrangements • Thom Russo – engineer • Slash – special guitar performance • Brad Sundberg – technical director, engineer, assistant engineer • Bruce Swedien – producer , co-producer , engineer and mixing , arrangements and keyboards , drums , percussion • Jai Winding – keyboards and programming , piano and synth bass • Mystery Girl – vocals == Charts ==

Weekly charts Year-end charts Decade-end charts ==Certifications and sales==

Notes • sourced from the original master tapes == See also ==