From 1993 to 1994 Brenner was an assistant professor at
Indiana University in Bloomington and from 1994 until 1997 at
Brandeis University. Since 1997, he has taught as the chair for
Jewish History and Culture at
LMU Munich. Since 2013, he has also been the
Seymour and Lillian Abensohn Chair in
Israel Studies at the
American University, Washington D.C. He has been visiting professor at numerous universities, among them Berkeley, Stanford, Johns Hopkins, Haifa, Central European University Budapest, and ETH Zürich. Brenner, who frequently takes positions on public issues, is a proponent of a Muslim for the office of Federal President. In 2016, he advocated the publicist
Navid Kermani, whom he described as the "most interesting voice in Germany". He is also considered a prominent critic of the party "
Alternative for Germany" (AfD), against which he has repeatedly spoken out. In 2023, Brenner was appointed by
Federal Minister of the Interior Nancy Faeser as member of an eight-person commission to re-appraise the
attack on Israeli athletes and team members at the
1972 Summer Olympics to answer unresolved questions. ==Honors and awards==