Dine works on the "phenomenology" (
i.e. experimentally testable models for low energy) of supersymmetric extensions of the Standard Model and of superstring theory. In particular, he does research on
supersymmetry breaking. Dine investigated in the 1980s modifications of
quantum chromodynamics with dynamical supersymmetry breaking (DSB), With
Willy Fischler and Mark Srednicki, Dine published in 1981 a theory of supersymmetric
technicolor, using gauge bosons and their superpartners, that provided a model of gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking. Dine with Affleck and Seiberg developed a general theory of dynamical supersymmetry breaking in four-dimensional spacetime and with
Ann Nelson, Yuri Shirman, and Yosef Nir developed new models of gauge-mediated dynamical supersymmetry breaking. With Fischler and Srednicki he developed an "Invisible
Axion" model known as the
DFSZ (Dine–Fischler–Srednicki–Zhitnisky) model. Later Dine with Fischler also elaborated this theory and its cosmological implications (the axion is a candidate for a
dark matter particle). To explain the
matter/antimatter imbalance in the universe, Dine and Ian Affeck proposed the
Affleck–Dine mechanism. The Affleck–Dine mechanism might provide a candidate for a dark matter particle, namely a particular type of
Q-ball. Dine investigated with
Ryan Rohm, Nathan Seiberg and Edward Witten gluino condensation in string theory, with Witten and Seiberg the implications of
Fayet–Iliopoulos D-terms for
vacuum destabilization, and with
X. G. Wen, Seiberg and Witten the
non-perturbative effects (instantons) on the
worldsheet of strings. He has done extensive research on applications of superstring theory to cosmology. ==Selected publications==