Sattler was born around 1490 in
Staufen. He became a
Benedictine monk in the
Abbey of Saint Peter in the Black Forest and probably became a prior. He left St. Peter's probably in May 1525, when the monastery had been taken by troops from the
Black Forest fighting in the
German Peasants' War. He later married a former
Beguine named Margaretha. The date of Sattler's arrival in
Zurich is not known, but he was expelled from that city on 18 November, 1525, in a wave of expulsions of foreigners resulting from the disputation on baptism of 6–8 November. Some believe that Sattler was the "Brother Michael in the white coat" mentioned in a document dated 25 March of that year, which would place him in Zurich before Snyder's estimation of when he left St Peter's. Snyder believed that Sattler may have arrived in Zurich to attend that disputation. However, it may have been Michael Wüst who wore the white coat. Sattler became associated with the Anabaptists and was probably rebaptised in the summer of 1526. He was involved in missionary activity around
Horb and
Rottenburg am Neckar, and eventually traveled to
Strasbourg. While in Strasbourg, he had extended discussions with the Protestant leaders of the city,
Martin Bucer and
Wolfgang Capito. Both of these men held Sattler in relative esteem for his character, even though they disagreed with him in certain points of doctrine and practice. In February 1527 he chaired a meeting of the
Swiss Brethren at
Schleitheim, at which time the
Schleitheim Confession was adopted. In May 1527, Sattler was arrested by Austrian authorities, along with his wife and several other Anabaptists. He was kept a prisoner in the tower of
Binsdorf in
Baden-Württemberg. The Catholic ruler of Austria,
Archduke Ferdinand, urged that Sattler be immediately
executed by drowning due to his prominence in the Anabaptist movement. However,
Joachim I Nestor, Elector of Brandenburg had an interest in
due process, and wanted Sattler to undergo a trial procedure at Rottenburg am Neckar. Joachim assembled Catholic theologians and a group of twenty-four judges, which he chaired. Jakob Halbmayer, mayor of Rottenburg and himself an opponent of Sattler, was appointed to be Sattler's
defense attorney. Sattler was charged with
defying the emperor, rejecting the
real presence of Christ in the Eucharist, rejecting
infant baptism, rejecting
extreme unction, dishonoring the
saints, teaching against
oaths, practicing the
love feast, marrying, and advocating
nonresistance. Sattler denied that he had defied the imperial edicts or dishonored the saints, but defended the remaining charges as moral and biblical. He also denied that courts should have jurisdiction in religious doctrine. Sattler was convicted. The sentence to execution read, "Michael Sattler shall be committed to the executioner. The latter shall take him to the square and there first cut out his tongue, and then forge him fast to a wagon and there with glowing iron tongs twice tear pieces from his body, then on the way to the site of execution five times more as above and then burn his body to powder as an arch-
heretic." The other men in the group were executed by sword, and the women, including Margaretha, were executed by drowning. A memorial plaque at the site of his execution near Rottenburg am Neckar reads: "The Baptist Michael Sattler was executed by burning after severe torture on 20 May 1527 here on the "Gallows Hill". He died as a true witness of Jesus Christ. His wife Margaretha and other members of the congregation were drowned and burned. They acted for the baptism of those who want to follow Christ, for an independent congregation of the faithful, for the peaceful message of the
Sermon on the Mount.". ==See also==