Polytarchou began his career with the team of his homeland,
Pannaxiakos, playing in the regional leagues of
Cyclades. Later, he moved to
Trikala 2000, Argonaftis Rafinas B.C., Ardittos B.C., and Ierapetra B.C., playing in the lower leagues of Greek Basketball. In 2008, he moved to
Ikaros-Esperos Kallitheas, where he helped the team gain a
promotion from the
Greek B League to the
Greek A2 League, and finally a promotion to the
Greek Basket League (A1), where he scored 120 total points over two seasons. In 2012, he moved to the Greek club
AEK Athens, helping the team gain a promotion from the Greek B League to the Greek A2 League, and also finally AEK's return to the Greek Basket League. During his tenure with AEK, he was the team's
captain. After his release from AEK Athens, he signed a two-year contract with
Peristeri. With Peristeri, he also won a league promotion with the club to move back to the Greek Basket League. After he had originally renewed his contract with Peristeri through 2019, the two sides mutually agreed to part ways on September 30, 2018. Two days later, he joined
Iraklis Thessaloniki, of the Greek 2nd Division. ==Awards and accomplishments==