The history of the barony is also the history of the Kingdom of Munster which had Cashel for its capital. Later, the kingdom would be divided into northern and southern statelets.
Dynasts of Mumhan The
Éoganacht were a federation of tribes claiming a common lineage and spread throughout Munster. They were noted as kings of Munster from an early period until the rise of the
Dal gCais in the 10th century. The main sub-tribes in the region of the barony were: •
Eóghanacht Chaisil (Cashel). Septs included O'Callaghan, MacCarthy, MacGillycuddy, MacAuliffe, O'Sullivan. •
Éoganacht Beag Chaisil (Eoganacht Caille na Manach, in the barony of Kilnamanagh) •
Éoganacht Mhór Muman (about Knockgraffon, in the barony of Middle Third) •
Eóghanacht Airthir Chliach (Tipperary town district) •
Eóghanacht Durluis (in or near Thurles, in the barony of Eliogarty)
Dal gCais dynasty. The
High King of Ireland,
Brian Boru, fortified Cashel in 990. Murtagh O'Brien, King of Cashel, in presence of the chiefs and clergy, made a grant in 1101 of the "Rock" with the territory around it to O'Dunan, "noble bishop and chief senior of Munster". In 1127
Cormac III of Munster, King of Desmond, erected close to his palace on the "Rock" a church, now known as Cormac's Chapel, which was consecrated in 1134. By the
Synod of Kells, 1152, Cashel became an archiepiscopal see. There are frequent references to "Tuadh Mumhan" in the Irish Annals beginning in the latter 11th century, but as a separate entity representing all of northern Munster an entry for the year 1118 seems to mark a milestone event. In that year, a treaty at Gleann Maidhir (Glanmire) divided the Kingdom of Munster into northern (Tuadh Mumhan) and southern (Des Mumhan) halves, a division apparently running near the border of modern counties Limerick and Cork. The entry in the Annals for 1118 reads, " A hosting by Toirdhealbhach Ua Conchobhair, king of Connacht, and by Murchadh O Maelsechlainn, king of Temhair, along with him, and by Aed O'Ruairc, into Mumha, as far as Glenn-Maghair; and he gave Des-Mumha to Mac Carthaigh, and Tuadh-Mumha to the sons of Diarmaid Ua Briain, and carried off the hostages of each."
Lordship of Ireland With this 12th-century division of Munster into two parts,
Thomond included the area about the
diocese of Killaloe, and additionally encompassed the traditional territories of Úi Fidgeinti, Uí Chonaill Gabra, Eóghanacht Áine, Éile, Corco Mruadh, the tribes of Uaithne (later held by the Síl Cennétich, and much of Eóghanacht Caisel and Ciarraige Luachra. By the early 13th century, through the encroachment of the Anglo-Norman
Butler family and others into eastern Thomond (north Tipperary, east Limerick and south Offaly), part of which came to be known as Ormond or East Munster, the kingdom of Thomond was greatly reduced.
Diocesan history Various members of the Desmond and Ormond families became archbishops in the succeeding years up to the
English Reformation. After a vacancy of six years Maurice FitzGibbon (1567–1578) a
Cistercian abbot who belonged to the royal Desmond family, was promoted to the archbishopric by
pope Pius V, but James MacCaghwell was put forward by
Elizabeth I of England. Thus began the Anglican religion at Cashel. When the
Penal Laws were sufficiently relaxed, the
Roman Catholic archbishops returned openly to the
see, but changed their residence and
cathedra to
Thurles.
Modern times When
County Tipperary was split into
North and
South Ridings in 1836, Middle Third was allocated to the south riding. However, the neighbouring barony of Kilnamanagh was split into Upper and Lower half-baronies, being allocated to the north and south ridings respectively. ==Towns, villages and townlands of the barony==