Military Mobility

The zone was proposed by Commander of United States Army Europe, Lieutenant General Ben Hodges who made some initial headway via NATO, but issues like passport checks and weaknesses in transport links that can't take large military vehicles persisted. In 2017 Jeanine Hennis-Plasschaert, Dutch defence minister, proposed a Schengen-inspired agreement for movement as part of the PESCO facility gaining ground as a result of Brexit and geopolitical pressures. ==Aim==

The PESCO Project on Military Mobility is inspired by Schengen, but faces very different challenges. It revolves around two main areas. The first is the removal of bureaucratic barriers such as passport checks and requirement of advance notice. While in the event of an emergency NATO can move troops faster, during peacetime advance notice is required for many movements; for example the movement of US troops from Poland to Germany requires 5 days' advance notice. ==Participants==

As of PESCO's launch in December 2017, the Military Mobility project is the only project to count nearly every PESCO state as a participant (only France is absent, initially just observing). The project is led by Germany and the Netherlands. PESCO counts all EU states except Malta. Since November 2020, third countries have been able to participate in PESCO. Canada, Norway, and the United States applied to participate in the project to improve military mobility in Europe. In May 2021, the EU gave the three countries permission to participate in the Military Mobility project. The United Kingdom applied to join the project in July 2022 with the EU granting permission for the UK to participate in November 2022. Turkey has also requested to join the project. Austria has nonetheless opposed the Turkish bid, with the Austrian defence minister arguing that Turkey "does not fulfil the admission requirements for third countries". In June 2022, Finland and Sweden signed a trilateral agreement with Turkey during the 2022 Madrid summit that would see the two countries support Turkey's inclusion in Military Mobility as part of a broader agreement that would allow Finland and Sweden to join NATO. Participants: {{columns-list| • - Project coordinator • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Non-EU participants: {{columns-list| • • • • ==National Plans on Military Mobility==

In the EU Action Plan on Military Mobility, one of the main deliverables for participating nations is to "develop national plans for military mobility, to engage in exercises practising mobility and to establish a network of points of contact by the end of 2019". As the project coordinator for the PESCO project on Military Mobility, The Netherlands adopted its National Plan on Military Mobility in January 2021, reaffirming The Netherlands' position as the Gateway to/from Europe and its prominent role as a transit nation for Host Nation Support purposes. It is noteworthy to read that in an EU PESCO related National Plan on Military Mobility, two of the strategic goals identified are NATO related: "actively support the Enablement of SACEUR's AOR" & "Uphold NATO commitments" ==See also==