The caldera is also a coalescence of at least two large
mafic shield volcanoes that formed more than 2703 million years ago. The rim of the Misema Caldera contains a 10-15 kilometre wide inner and outer ring zone, in which many mafic ring dike complexes and subaqueous pyroclastic sediments are detected. The mafic ring dike structures may be deeper level expressions of summit calderas related to a shield volcano phase while the
pyroclastic fragments could either be associated with
satellite cones or the result of Misema caldera collapse. Misema Caldera is the oldest and largest caldera associated with the Blake River Megacaldera Complex and is comparable in size to
Lake Toba caldera in
Indonesia. ==See also==