Mocho-Choshuenco

The two volcanoes have had several historical names such as Valdivia, used by Juan Ignacio Molina in 1795, and Panguipulli and Lajara, which Pedro Amadeo Pissis identified in 1875, as Choshuenco and Mocho respectively because only Choshuenco is visible from Panguipulli Lake. Other historical spellings and names for the volcanoes include Choshuenco-Pillán, Rauco, Penguipulli, Reñihue and Riñihue. The current name for the volcano is composed of the Spanish word mocho and the native Mapudungun word choshuenco (pronounced choswenko). Mocho means short cut and refers to the headless or edgeless shape of Mocho's volcanic cone. The word choshuenco may be a corruption of the chodhuen and co which means yellow earth and water respectively. Another possible etymology is chod-hue and co which would mean place where there is water to dye yellow. ==Eruptions==

Very little is known about eruptions before the Holocene epoch. This is explained by the great extent of the Patagonian Ice Sheet that covered most of the southern Andes and caught volcanic material such as ash and pyroclast. Glaciers of the ice sheet also reworked previously deposited layers. Some 10,300 years ago Choshuenco produced the Neltume Pumice during a plinian eruption. The earliest historical accounts of eruptions from the Mocho-Choshuenco complex may be those in Alonso de Ovalle's map Tabula Geographica Regni Chile from 1646. Here Mocho-Choshuenco may be one of the mountains drawn as erupting volcanoes east of Valdivia. In Juan Ignacio Molina's map from 1795 Mocho-choshuenco appears erupting under the name of Volcán de Valdivia, but eruption shown in this map is probably that of 1759. On November 1, of 1864 the Chaiquemahuida cinder cone erupted, the eruption eventually ended 1–3 days later. This explosive eruption originated from a vent on the southwestern flank of Mocho's edifice and produced pyroclastic flows. According to a missionary from Quinchilca, who was interviewed by Vidal Gormaz in 1869, a strong noise followed by an earthquake was felt during one of the first days of November 1864. The last reported eruption, is supposed to have occurred on June 16, 1936. Little is known about this event apart from the occurrence of mudflows and lahars, this have led volcanologists to consider this eruption report as a false report just like in the case of the supposed 1906 Lanín eruption. == Glaciers ==

The uppermost part of Mocho-Choshuenco is covered by an ice cap that surrounds the volcanic cone of Mocho and some flanks of Choshuenco. By 2003 the ice cap had shrunk in area by a total of 40% of its area of 1976. The largest retreat by area occurred on Choshuenco Glacier in the northwest. Mocho Glacier runs from Mocho's cone to the southeast and is the largest glacier of the volcano with its 5.1 km2 followed by Choshuenco Glacier (2 km2). ==See also==