Modern Hebrew poetry was promoted by the
Haskalah movement. The first Haskalah poet, who heavily influenced the later poets, was
Naphtali Hirz Wessely at the end of the 18th century. After him came
Shalom HaCohen, Other pioneers of modern Hebrew poetry are
Max Letteris,
Abraham Dob Bär Lebensohn and his son
Micah Joseph, They let go of the genre principles that were widely accepted at their time, and began writing personal poems, about the human being and the soul. In the
Zionist national revival period, many arose as the literary heirs to Bialik, and the focal point of Hebrew poetry moved from Europe to the land of Israel. Women became prominent poets (
Yokheved Bat Miryam,
Esther Raab,
Rachel and others). An
expressionist genre also developed, as exemplified by
Uri Zvi Greenberg and
David Fogel. In the 1930s and 1940s, a
neo-symbolic style emerged as well, in
Avraham Shlonsky, then
Nathan Alterman, and then the
Palmach age. In the 1950s and 1960s, poets who had been raised or born in Israel (
British Mandate of Palestine) were active. The poets
Natan Zakh,
David Avidan,
Yehuda Amihai,
Dan Pagis and
Dahlia Ravikovitch rebelled against the style of Shlonsky and Alterman. At the same time a line of religious poets led by such figures as
Yosef Zvi Rimon and
Zelda emerged. These movements continue to be active to the present day. ==See also==