After graduating from the in
Algiers and obtaining a master's degree in International Relations, he pursued a career in diplomacy. By 1995, he was a diplomat in
Libya. and
Al-Jazeera, and has contributed chapters to
An Inquiry into the Algerian Massacres ("Les Régimes Arabes et le Conflit Algérien", p. 847) and ''
Quelle réconciliation pour l'Algérie?'' ("La reconciliation passe par réhabilitation des victimes, de la nation et de l'Etat", p. 121.) He is a founding member of
Justitia Universalis, a human rights organisation set up in 2001 dedicated to fighting impunity. He was also listed to be considered as a terrorist, including the party that he helped form (
Rachad) since 27 February 2022 by the Algerian Government. ==References==