Monarchy of Luxembourg

The constitution of Luxembourg defines the grand duke's position: :The grand duke is the head of state, symbol of its unity, and guarantor of national independence. He exercises executive power in accordance with the constitution and the laws of the country. After a constitutional change (to article 34) in December 2008 resulting from Henri's refusal to assent to a law legalizing euthanasia, laws now no longer require the grand duke's formal assent (implying "approval"), but his task of promulgating the law as chief executive remains. ==Compensation==

The grand duke does not receive a salary, but the grand ducal family receives annually 300,000 gold francs (€281,000) for grand ducal functions. In 2017, the Luxembourg budget included €10.1 million for the grand duke's household costs. ==Succession==

Succession to the throne was governed by Salic law, as dictated by the Nassau Family Pact, first adopted on 30 June 1783. The Nassau Family Pact itself can be amended by the usual legislative process, having been so on 10 July 1907 to exclude the Count of Merenberg branch of the House, which was descended from a morganatic marriage. An heir apparent may be granted the style "hereditary grand duke" once they reach the age of eighteen. ==Full titles==

The traditional titulatures of the Grand Duke are By the Grace of God, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, Duke of Nassau, Count Palatine of the Rhine, Count of Sayn, Königstein, Katzenelnbogen and Diez, Burgrave of Hammerstein, Lord of Mahlberg, Wiesbaden, Idstein, Merenberg, Limburg and Eppstein. It should, however, be noted that many of the titles are held without regard to the strict rules of Salic inheritance and that most, save for Grand Duke of Luxembourg and Duke of Nassau, are simply not used. ==List of Grand Dukes==

House of Orange-Nassau House of Nassau-Weilburg Under the 1783 Nassau Family Pact, Luxembourg and Nassau — the Nassau family's territories within the Holy Roman Empire — were governed by semi-Salic law succession law, which permitted inheritance through the female line only upon the total extinction of male members of the dynasty. The Netherlands, however, was not party to this pact and operated under its own succession rules. When William III died leaving only his daughter Wilhelmina as an heir in 1890, these two frameworks produced divergent outcomes: Wilhelmina inherited the Dutch crown under Dutch law without restriction, while the crown of Luxembourg passed instead to Adolphe, the dispossessed Duke of Nassau and head of the branch of Nassau-Weilburg — since he, as a surviving male of the dynasty, precluded female succession under the Family Pact. In 1905, Grand Duke Adolphe's younger half-brother, Prince Nikolaus Wilhelm of Nassau, died, having left a son Georg Nikolaus, Count von Merenberg who was, however, the product of a morganatic marriage, and therefore not legally a member of the House of Nassau. In 1907, Adolphe's only son, William IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, obtained passage of a law confirming the right of his eldest daughter, Marie-Adélaïde, to succeed to the throne in virtue of the absence of any remaining dynastic males of the House of Nassau, as originally stipulated in the Nassau Family Pact. She became the grand duchy's first reigning female monarch upon her father's death in 1912, and upon her own abdication in 1919 was succeeded by her younger sister Charlotte, who married Felix of Bourbon-Parma, a prince of the former Duchy of Parma. Charlotte's descendants have since reigned as the continued dynasty of Nassau. House of Luxembourg-Nassau The House of Luxembourg-Nassau originated in 1919 with the marriage of Grand Duchess Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (of the House of Nassau‑Weilburg) to Prince Félix of Bourbon‑Parma (of the House of Bourbon-Parma). Their eldest son, Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (born 5 January 1921), succeeded to the throne in 1964, thus establishing the present ruling dynasty. Although the male‑line (agnatic) descent is from Bourbon‑Parma, the dynasty continues to be styled “Luxembourg‑Nassau” to reflect the historic Nassau‑Weilburg legacy maintained through Charlotte and the links with Luxembourg. ==Grand ducal consorts==

• Princess Wilhelmine of Prussia (first wife of Grand Duke William I) • Grand Duchess Anna Pavlovna of Russia (wife of Grand Duke William II) • Princess Sophie of Württemberg (first wife of Grand Duke William III) • Princess Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont (second wife of Grand Duke William III) • Princess Adelheid-Marie of Anhalt-Dessau (wife of Grand Duke Adolphe) • Infanta Marie Anne of Portugal (wife of Grand Duke William IV) • Prince Felix of Bourbon-Parma (husband of Grand Duchess Charlotte) • Princess Joséphine-Charlotte of Belgium (wife of Grand Duke Jean) • María Teresa Mestre y Batista (wife of Grand Duke Henri) • Countess Stéphanie de Lannoy (wife of Grand Duke Guillaume V) ==Notes==