In 1252, Guillaume Amanieu, Lord of Calviac (in Monflanquin), ceded the Monflanquin mountain to
Alphonse of Poitiers. The latter founded a
Bastide there in the 13th century. Based on our current knowledge, everything suggests that the "Monflanquin mountain" was ceded to Alphonse of Poitiers without
paréage. In 1256, Alphonse of Poitiers began the foundation of the fortified town. In 1269, the
foundation charter was confirmed. When Alphonse of Poitiers died after his wife,
Jeanne of Toulouse, daughter of
Raymond VII of Toulouse, without an heir, his lands became part of the royal domain of
Philip III. In 1279, Monflanquin became one of the twelve bailiwicks of the
Agenais. The Archbishop of
Bordeaux,
Bertrand de Got, visited the town in 1304. He was elected Pope the following year under the name Clement V. The fortified town having come under English influence, King
Edward III of England confirmed the town's privileges in 1318. In 1374, the inhabitants of Monflanquin aided the French King's army, which was heading towards
Tonneins to drive the English out of the Agenais. On 31 August 1574, Guy de Montferrand, lord of
Langoiran, governor of
Périgord "for those of the reformed religion" and Geoffroy de Vivans took the town with 2000 men and took 125 gentlemen prisoner. The town was the capital of the Monflanquin district from 1790 to 1795. From 1911 to 1933, the commune was the operating center of the
Tramways de Lot-et-Garonne, a
meter-gauge secondary railway company that constituted the
Lot-et-Garonne departmental network. ==Demography==