Monomethyl fumarate alters the
NFE2L2 (Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) transcription factor. NFE2L2 (or NRF2) is a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) protein that regulates the expression of antioxidant proteins that protect against oxidative damage triggered by injury and inflammation. Several drugs that stimulate the NFE2L2 pathway are being studied for treatment of diseases that are caused by
oxidative stress. Two precursors are also approved: •
Dimethyl fumarate (brand name Tecfidera), •
Diroximel fumarate (brand name Vumerity), approved by the FDA in October 2019. == Society and culture ==