Selig Hecht

Hecht was born into a Jewish family in Glogau, then in the German Empire (now Głogów, Poland). His parents were Mandel Hecht and Mirel Mresse. The family migrated to the U.S. in 1898, settling in New York City. In 1913, Hecht received a Bachelor of Science degree from City College of New York. In 1917 he earned a Ph.D. from Harvard. That same year he married Celia Huebschmann. In 1924 their daughter Maressa was born. In 1928, Hecht was appointed professor of biophysics at Columbia University, where he remained until his death. In addition to his scientific research, Hecht was regarded as an excellent lecturer and expositor of science. The physiologist Maurice Pirenne said of him: "The lack of synthesis discernible in present-day knowledge and teaching perturbed [Hecht], and he took an active interest in all the human implications of science." ==Scientific career==

Hecht began his study of light sensitivity using clams (Mya arenaria) and insects. His specialty was photochemistry, the kinetics of the reactions initiated by light in the receptors. He made contributions to the knowledge of dark adaptation, visual acuity, brightness discrimination, color vision, and the mechanism of the visual threshold. He spent time as a postdoctoral researcher in a group led by Edward Charles Cyril Baly at the University of Liverpool. Baly was a pioneer in applying the technique of spectroscopy to chemistry. Hecht extended his mentor's methods by applying spectroscopy to biological problems, which inspired the work of Richard Alan Morton. Hecht's achievement in showing the protein character of rhodopsin was recognized by historians of protein science: In 1941, Hecht won the Optical Society of America's Frederic Ives Medal. He was 55. ==Explaining the Atom==

World War II ended with the use of atomic weapons developed in secret by the Manhattan Project. Hecht wanted ordinary Americans to understand this new source of energy. He first educated himself in atomic physics using publicly available sources. In 1945 he joined the Emergency Committee of Atomic Scientists, "headed by Einstein and formed for the purpose of informing the public on problems of atomic energy." In 1946, Hecht wrote Explaining the Atom, which was published in early 1947. He noted in the Preface that his aim was to "help to make intelligent voters": In a review in The New York Times, Stephen Wheeler said that Explaining the Atom was "by all odds the best book on atomic energy so far to be published for the ordinary reader." Similarly, James J. Jelinek wrote that it was an "invaluable contribution to the layman." He credited Hecht with "conveying to the layman the intellectual drama" of the quest to unlock the atom. Jelinek asserted that the book was "profoundly provocative in its political and sociological implications." In 1954 a revised edition of Explaining the Atom, with four additional chapters, was issued by Eugene Rabinowitch. Both editions were recommended by George Gamow. ==Selected publications==

• Hecht, S. (1937) "Rods, cones, and the chemical basis of vision", Physiological Reviews 17: 239 to 89. • Hecht, S. & Pickels, E.G. (1938) "The sedimentation constant of visual purple", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 24: 172 to 6 ==References==