Motion picture film scanner

scanning machine, 2006 • The front end of a motion picture film scanner is similar to a telecine. The imaging system may be either a charge-coupled device (CCD), a complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) or photomultipliers imaging pick up. • A lamp is used as the light source in a CCD imaging front end. The CCDs convert the light to the video signals. • In a cathode-ray tube (CRT) imaging system the CRT (also called a Flying spot tube) is used as the light source and part of the scanning system. Photomultipliers or avalanche photodiodes are used to convert the light to electrical video signals. • A prism and/or dichroic mirrors or color filters are used to separate the light into the three: red, green and blue, imaging pick up devices. == Image processing ==

• The three color signals (RGB) are electronically processed and color graded. A 3D look up table (3D LUT) is usually applied to the RGB values before it is coded into the DPX output files. • The DPX files are usually made output through a network port cable or an optical fiber port: HIPPI, Fibre Channel or newer systems like gigabit Ethernet. A computer then stores the files on to hard drives of a storage area network for later processing and use. • HDR or high dynamic range is a new system, using a compositing and tone-mapping of images to extend the dynamic range beyond the native capability of the capturing device. This may be done by using a triple exposure for the film and then compositing the three back together. Compositing can be done in a workstation in none real time or in the scanner in real time. == Models ==

Bold indicates a currently produced model • Single frame intermittent pull-down: • Lasergraphics Director 13.5K, 8mm to 70mm, IMAX & VistaVision) • Continuous motion scanning: • Arri - ARRISCAN XT (up to 6K, S35 down to 16mm) • Cintel's C-Reality/DSX and ITK - Millennium/dataMill. Under ownership of Blackmagic Design, the Cintel Scanner was released, with the current 3rd generation capable of up to 4K scans at 30 fps. • DFT - Spirit Classic (up to 2K), Spirit 4k/2k/HD (up to 4K), POLAR HQ (up to 8K, 8mm to S35), OXScan 14K (up to 14K, 16mm to 70mm), Scanity HDR (up to 4K, 16mm to S35) • Filmfabriek - HDS+ (up to 4k), Pictor Pro (up to 2.7K), Pictor (up to 1080p). Filmfabriek scanners can only scan 17.5mm or smaller film formats. • GE4 - Golden Eye Four - Filmscanner, 38 Mega Pixel camera. LED light source and continuous film transport using Capstan. From Digital Vision. • Lasergraphics ScanStation (6.5K, 8mm to 70mm, IMAX & VistaVision) • Lasergraphics Archivist (up to 5K) • MWA Nova Vario series with patented laser-based, sprocket and claw free transport for 16/35mm for realtime (24/25fps) scanning with sensors for either 2K+ 2236 x 1752, or 2.5K+ HDR High Dynamic Range at 2560 x 2160, direct optical and magnetic sound on and 16 and 35mm. • MWA Nova Choice 2K+ patented laser-based, sprocket and claw free transport for 8/Super8, 9.5mm, 16mm realtime (24/25fps) scanning w at 2K+, 2236 x 1752 with direct optical and magnetic sound on 16mm, magnetic from main and balance stripes on 8, Super8. Faster than real time scanning at lower resolution. • P+S Technik - SteadyFrame Universal Format Film Scanner • Walde - FilmStar 4K UHD 2K @ 25fps, 4K UHD @ 6fps. 35mm/16mm/8mm archive quality, continuous motion capstan driven. == See also ==

File:SDC-2000 Spirit DataCine Telecine.JPG|SDC-2000 Spirit DataCine Film Deck File:Spirit Datacine 4k doors closed.jpg|Spirit Datacine 4k with the doors closed File:Spirit Datacine 4k doors open.jpg|Spirit Datacine 4k with the doors open.jpg File:GCP-Datacine-IMG 8756.jpg|GCP for a Spirit Datacine File:Scanity Film Scanner - DFT.jpg|Scanity Film Deck File:Cinelicious Scanity 4k.jpg|Scanity 4k and work station File:Tkc-rel.jpg|Cintel C-Reality Film Deck File:Northlight Film scanning.jpg|Filmlight's Northlight single frame film scanning unit File:Imagica Scanner.jpg|Imagica single frame film scanning unit File:VintageCloud Steenbeck.jpg|Vintage Cloud Steenbeck is the only system capable of digitizing separate image and audio at the same time at up to 4K resolution and up to 60 fps. ==References==