in the 9th and 10th-centuries Muhammad ibn Husayn al-Rawadi's family was originally of
Arab origin, ruling north-eastern
Azarbaijan and the city of
Tabriz as vassals of the
Abbasid Caliphate in the late 8th and early 9th centuries. Like other Arab settlers in Azarbaijan, they most likely started to blend in with the local
Iranian population to some extent in the 9th century. By the mid-10th century they had been fully Kurdicized as a result of intermarriage with local
Kurdish families, giving themselves common Kurdish names such as Mamlan. The
Ottoman historian
Münejjim Bashi (d. 1702), who based his work on the now lost 12th-century ''Ta'rikh al-Bab wa'l-Abwab'', considers Muhammad ibn Husayn the first ruler of the Kurdicized
Rawadids, and adds that he ruled some districts in
Armenia. Since the fall of the
Sajid governors of Azarbaijan in 929, the region had fallen out of caliphal control. A power struggle took place soon afterwards, which eventually resulted in the conquest of Azarbaijan, as well as eastern
Transcaucasia by the
Daylamite Sallarid dynasty of
Tarom. In 948, the Sallarid ruler
Marzuban ibn Muhammad () was defeated and captured by the
Buyids during a battle near the town of
Qazvin. During his imprisonment between 948–953, Muhammad ibn Husayn took advantage of the absence of his suzerain, and seized some parts of Azarbaijan, most likely
Ahar and
Varzuqan. Regardless, Muhammad ibn Husayn's son and successor Abu'l-Hayja Husayn I paid tribute to Marzuban in 955/6, which indicates that Rawadids continued to acknowledge the Sallarids as their suzerain. Abu'l-Hayja Husayn I had seemingly succeeded his father between 953–956. == References ==