When all attacks are considered, aikido has over 10,000 nameable techniques. Many aikido techniques derive from
Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu, but some others were invented by
Morihei Ueshiba. The precise terminology for some may vary between organizations and styles; what follows are the terms used by the
Aikikai Foundation. (Note that despite the names of the first five techniques listed, they are not universally taught in numeric order.) Several
techniques (e.g. the "drop" throws) are also shared with
judo, which can be considered a "cousin" of aikido due to their shared
jujutsu background. Aikido techniques can be broadly classified into two groups, and .
Immobilizing techniques • , a control using one hand on the elbow and one hand near the wrist which
leverages
uke to the ground (also called 腕押さえ,
ude osae, "arm pin"). This grip also applies pressure into the
ulnar nerve at the wrist. • , a
pronating wristlock (小手回し,
kote mawashi, "forearm turn") that torques the arm and applies painful nerve pressure. There is an
adductive wristlock or Z-lock in
ura version. • , a
rotational wristlock (小手捻り, kote hineri, "forearm twist") that directs upward-spiraling tension throughout the arm, elbow and shoulder. • , a shoulder control similar to
ikkyō, but with both hands gripping the forearm (also called 小手押さえ,
kote osae, "forearm pin"). The knuckles (from the palm side) are applied to the recipient's
radial nerve against the
periosteum of the forearm bone. • , visually similar to
ikkyō, but with an inverted grip of the wrist,
medial rotation of the arm and shoulder, and downward pressure on the elbow (also called 腕伸ばし,
ude nobashi). Common in
knife and other weapon take-aways. • , also called . • , an elbow lock generally used for knife thrusts or straight punches. • , or . Note that the name of this technique varies with organizations, and that
ude-garami may also refer to a different technique altogether (see below, arm entanglement throw). • , a class of techniques which involve immobilizing the elbow through locks. • , a variety of techniques that involve applying chokes.
Yoshinkan terminology The
Yoshinkan school retains these
Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu terms for the "first" through "fourth" techniques: • 一ケ条
Ikkajo • 二ケ条
Nikajo • 三ケ条
Sankajo • 四ケ条
Yonkajo Throwing techniques • . From a standing position where the
tori and
uke are side-by-side, the
tori throws the
uke backward with a raised arm cutting backwards and downwards. This technique is also sometimes referred to as the , or categorized as a type of breath throw (see below, slanted breath throw). • . The hand is folded back past the shoulder, locking the shoulder joint. • , a
supinating wristlock-throw that stretches the
extensor digitorum. As this technique contains both locking and throwing elements, it is sometimes classified under a hybrid category of . • , throws in which
tori moves through the space occupied by
uke. The classic form superficially resembles a "clothesline" technique. • beginning with
ryōte-dori; moving forward,
tori sweeps one hand low ("earth") and the other high ("heaven"), which unbalances
uke so that he or she easily topples over. • aikido's version of the
hip throw.
Tori drops his or her hips lower than those of
uke, then flips
uke over the resultant
fulcrum. • or a throw that locks the arms against each other (The
kanji for "10" is a cross-shape: 十). •
tori sweeps the arm back until it locks the shoulder joint, then uses forward pressure to throw. • , sometimes also considered a type of breath throw. • , from behind, the
tori extends the ''uke's
arm slightly downwards and places the other arm outstretched under the uke's
upper arm, then moves the whole body forward. Also alternatively termed the , referring to the tori'''s use of an outstretched arm as a fulcrum. Can also be considered a form of breath throw. • , where the
tori grabs both of the ''uke's
knees and lifts them up, throwing the uke'' backward. • . Like the forearm return, this technique contains both throwing and locking elements, and may be considered to be a . Note that the name
ude-garami is sometimes used by different schools to refer to a different immobilisation technique (see above, arm entanglement).
Breath throws refers to a class of techniques that centre on the union of breathing and throw, that generally do not end in joint locks like the immobilising techniques. The names of specific techniques may vary across organizations and
dojos, but they begin with
uke coming from the rear and blocking one or both
tori's wrists; at their heart there are the two parts of breathing: inspiration and at the same time an elbow-arm ascending arc which
uke must follow, expiration(and a lateral displacement) with the arc now descending, sending
uke in the resulting vacuum. Different types of
kokyū-nage may include: • , where the
tori throws the
uke backwards. This technique is sometimes simply referred to as the main
kokyū-nage technique, or separately as the breath method,
kokyū-hō (see above, under throwing techniques). Alternative terminology also include (particularly in
Yoshinkan), and . • . Against an opposite stance single-hand grab, the throw can be referred to by the opening movement
tenkan tsugiashi (転換継ぎ足), which is a rear pivot followed by a forward step. • . The technique begins similar to that of a regular rotary throw (
kaiten-nage), but then transitions into a forward throw. Just like the rotary throw, two variations of rotary breath throws exist— and . Against an opposite stance single-hand grab, these two variations can be named by their opening movements as
irimi kaiten (入身回転) and
irimi tenkan (入身転換) breath throws respectively. •
Variations on immobilizing techniques • . This throw begins as if the
tori were performing a regular
ikkyō technique, using both arms raised to connect with the ''uke's
attack. But instead of going into the arm pin, the tori
pushes the uke'' backward instead. • . Similar to the first teaching throw, but instead of throwing the
uke backward, the
tori transitions into a drop technique by cutting down or controlling the ''uke's
attacking arm, as seen in the cutting (kiri-otoshi
) or floating drops (uki-otoshi
). This results in throwing the uke'' forward. • . The
tori performs the third teaching technique until the first lock, where the ''uke's
elbow is pointing skyward, and then throws the uke'' forward. • • • • • • • • • • • • , where the
tori drops to the floor and causes the
uke to roll forward and over the
tori's back. •
Hip breath throws • • • • • • ==Implementations==