The library was founded at the end of the 18th century in the Palazzo degli Studi (which now houses the
Museo Archeologico), with its nucleus formed of books holdings of the
Palazzo Capodimonte, the library from the celebrated
Farnese Collection that
Carlo di Borbone had transferred to Naples in 1734). Opened to the public in 1804 under the name of the Reale Biblioteca di Napoli, and directed by the great humanist Juan Andrés, who composed his most important memoir, in Latin, published in Madrid by the Instituto Juan Andrés de Comparatística y Globalización with a study that broadens and renews the knowledge of this key and very intricate place in European culture. In 1816 it changed its name to Reale Biblioteca
Borbonica. Additions to its collection came from abolished religious houses and those confiscated from private collections. With the
unification of Italy in 1860 it took up its present name of the Biblioteca Nazionale. In 1910 the
Officina dei papiri ercolanensi was added to the library – this was the workshop founded by Carlo di Borbone to conserve the
papyri found in excavations at
Herculaneum. After long debate and on the suggestion and efforts of
Benedetto Croce, in 1922 the library was moved to its present location at Palazzo Reale, granted to the library by King
Victor Emmanuel III (whose name it still bears). After the transfer, the collections of other important Neapolitan libraries were annexed to it, including the
Biblioteca Brancacciana (formed in Rome by Cardinal
Francesco Maria Brancaccio in the first half of the 17th century, transferred to Naples, and finally becoming Naples' first public library). It suffered during the
Second World War due to the German and Allied occupations of Naples (being set fire to by the Germans in the
four days of Naples), though the most precious manuscripts had been transferred to safer locations and remained there until the library reopened in 1945. In 1980 a wing of the building was seriously damaged by an earthquake, forcing the library to transfer some of its holdings to another part of the building. == See also ==