NanoSat MO Framework

The development of the NanoSat MO Framework began in late 2014, with the European Space Agency recognizing the need for a standardized software framework to support the development and operations of small satellites. The initial goal of the project was to create a software framework for nanosatellites based on CCSDS Mission Operations services inspired by today's smartphone technologies in order to reduce the time and cost required to bring these satellites into orbit. The research and development was performed by the European Space Agency in partnership with Graz University of Technology. The NMF was first flown in space on-board of the European Space Agency's OPS-SAT mission, which was launched on December 18, 2019. OPS-SAT is a CubeSat designed to test new technologies for space missions and serve as a testbed for the verification and validation of space systems. During the OPS-SAT mission, the NMF was used to demonstrate a range of capabilities, including the ability to deploy and run software Apps on the spacecraft, to interact with other on-board systems and sensors, and to perform data acquisition, storage, and downlink transfers. The mission was a success, with the NMF demonstrating its effectiveness and utility in the end-to-end orchestration of space software and operations. In 2020, the NanoSat MO Framework was selected to be used in the upcoming ESA's Phi-Sat-2 mission. The mission will run Artificial Intelligence directly on board for Earth Observation purposes. The NanoSat MO Framework will facilitate the development of the AI Apps and it will support their whole life-cycle including development, deployment, and operations. == Architecture specifications ==

The NanoSat MO Framework is built upon the CCSDS Mission Operations services Architecture and therefore it inherits its properties such as being transport-agnostic, multi-domain, and programming language independent. Additionally, it is independent from any specific satellite platform. The software framework includes five sets of MO services. The first three are Standardized by the CCSDS and the other two are bespoke interfaces: The NanoSat MO Framework is split in two segments. First, the “Ground Segment” just like in any traditional spacecraft system. Second, the “NanoSat Segment” which is the equivalent of the space segment but because the target of the framework are small satellites, it contains a more specialized name. An NMF Composite is a software component that consists of interconnected services specialized for a certain purpose and to be deployed on the NanoSat segment or Ground segment. The NMF Composites are based on SOA's service composability design principle that encourages reusing existing services and combine them together to build an advanced solution. The naming convention for the NMF Composites is: MO . The defined set of NMF Composites are: • NanoSat MO Monolithic • NanoSat MO Supervisor • NanoSat MO Connector • Ground MO Adapter • Ground MO Proxy The objective of the NMF Composites is to provide prebuilt components that allow quick development of new software solutions that are interoperable in end-to-end scenarios. The NanoSat MO Framework defines an NMF App as an on-board software application based on the NanoSat MO Framework. An NMF App can be developed by integrating the NanoSat MO Connector component into the software application. NMF Apps can be started, monitored, stopped, and/or killed by the NanoSat MO Supervisor component. == Reference implementation in Java ==

The reference implementation provides a concrete implementation of the specifications of the NanoSat MO Framework in the Java programming language. It was used to discover problems, errors and ambiguities in the interfaces. The implementation is mature and the first version is available online. The project's source code and several release versions are available via GitHub. The reference implementation in Java is currently maintained by the European Space Agency and it is available online for free (on GitHub) under the open-source European Space Agency Public License. == NMF SDK ==

The NanoSat MO Framework Software Development Kit (NMF SDK) is a set of development tools and software source code that facilitate the creation of applications with the NanoSat MO Framework. It is composed of: • Demos for NMF Ground software development • Demos of NMF Apps • Consumer Test Tool (CTT) • NMF Package Assembler • NMF Playground (with a satellite simulator) • Documentation The NMF SDK is the starting point for a software developer willing to develop applications with the NMF. == Satellite Missions ==

The NanoSat MO Framework is designed to be highly modular and configurable, allowing it to be tailored to the specific needs of different missions. It is also designed to be interoperable, meaning that it can work with a variety of different satellite platforms. Typically, the development activities for integrating the NMF in a mission, include implementing the Platform services for the specific mission and the tailoring of the NanoSat MO Supervisor. If a custom or tailored data exchange (transport) with ground is used, then the transport binding must be implemented. For example, OPS-SAT experimenters can use the NMF SDK for quick development of software capable of running on ground and/or in space. The NanoSat MO Framework apps are able to publish telemetry, receive telecommands or access the GPS device on OPS-SAT. Software Simulator The Software Simulator is not an actual mission. However, it was developed as part of the NMF SDK in order to provide simulated data towards the NMF Apps during the development and testing phases. ==References==