Between 1998 In July 2011, Mohammadi was prosecuted again On 26 April, she was arrested to begin her sentence.
Reporters Without Borders issued an appeal on Mohammadi's behalf on the ninth anniversary of photographer
Zahra Kazemi's death in Evin Prison, stating that Mohammadi was a prisoner whose life was "in particular danger." In July 2012, an international group of lawmakers called for her release, including US Senator
Mark Kirk, former Canadian Attorney General
Irwin Cotler, UK MP
Denis MacShane, Australian MP
Michael Danby, Italian MP
Fiamma Nirenstein, and Lithuanian MP
Emanuelis Zingeris. On 31 July 2012, Mohammadi was released from prison. On 31 October 2014, Mohammadi made a speech at the gravesite of
Sattar Beheshti, stating, "How is it that the Parliament Members are suggesting a Plan for the Promotion of Virtue and Prevention of Vice, but nobody spoke up two years ago when an innocent human being by the name of Sattar Beheshti died under torture in the hands of his interrogator?" The video of her speech quickly went viral on social media networks, resulting in Evin Prison court summoning her. On 5 May 2015, Mohammadi was once again arrested on the basis of new charges. Branch 15 of the Revolutionary Court sentenced her to ten years' imprisonment on the charge of "founding an illegal group" in reference to
Legam (the Campaign for Step by Step Abolition of the Death Penalty), five years for "assembly and collusion against national security," a year for "propaganda against the system" for her interviews with international media and her March 2014 meeting with the EU's then High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy,
Catherine Ashton. In May 2016, she was sentenced in
Tehran to 16 years' imprisonment for "establishing and running the illegal splinter group Legam." In January 2019, Mohammadi began a hunger strike with the detained British-Iranian citizen
Nazanin Zaghari-Ratcliffe in Evin Prison to protest being denied access to medical care. In July 2020, she showed symptoms of a
COVID-19 infection, from which she appeared to have recovered by August. On 8 October 2020, Mohammadi was released from prison. In March 2021, Mohammadi penned the foreword to the
Iran Human Rights Annual Report on the Death Penalty in Iran: In May 2021, Branch 1188 of Criminal Court Two in Tehran sentenced Mohammadi to two and a half years in prison, 80 lashes, and two separate fines for charges including "spreading propaganda against the system". Four months later, she received a summons to begin serving this sentence, which she did not respond to as she considered the conviction unjust. On 16 November 2021, Mohammadi was arrested in
Karaj,
Alborz, while attending a memorial for , who was killed by Iranian security forces during nationwide protests in November 2019. Her arrest was condemned as
arbitrary by Amnesty International and the
International Federation for Human Rights. In December 2022, during the
Mahsa Amini protests, the
BBC published a report by Mohammadi detailing the sexual and physical abuse of detained women. In January 2023, she gave a report from prison detailing the condition of women in Evin Prison, including a list of 58 prisoners and the interrogation process and tortures they had gone through; 57 of the women had spent a total of 8350 days in
solitary confinement, and 56 of them were sentenced to 3300 months in total. Mohammadi has been an outspoken critic of solitary confinement, calling it ""White Torture" in her 2022 book
White Torture: Interviews with Iranian Women Prisoners. In September 2023, she supported
Mehdi Yarrahi after his arrest for the protest song "
Roosarito". She was being held in Evin Prison when she was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in October 2023. It was reported on 19 November 2024 that she had undergone complex surgery in Iran that saw part of a bone in her right leg removed over cancer fears, but she was returned to prison. She was granted a temporary leave from prison in December 2024 for three weeks to have medical treatment, following her earlier surgery for a potentially cancerous bone lesion. In January 2025, she announced that she had finished writing her
autobiography, and was writing a book on abuses and sexual harassment against women detained in Iran. In July 2025 the
Norwegian Nobel Committee reported that Mohammadi had been threatened with "physical elimination" by Iran. On 12 December 2025, Mohammadi was rearrested while attending a memorial ceremony for a deceased human rights lawyer
Khosrow Alikordi in
Mashhad. The Nobel Committee urged Iran to disclose her whereabouts. On 15 December it was reported that, following her arrest, which involved blows to the head and neck, she was hospitalized twice in the emergency room. On 28 January 2026, the Narges Mohammadi Human Rights Foundation, along with several other Iranian intellectuals, including
Amirsalar Davoudi,
Hatam Ghaderi,
Abolfazl Ghadyani,
Mehdi Mahmoudian,
Abdollah Momeni,
Mohammad Najafi,
Jafar Panahi,
Mohammad Rasoulof,
Nasrin Sotoudeh, and
Sedigheh Vasmaghi, published a statement on
Instagram asserting that the
2026 Iran massacres were a
crime against humanity, accusing
Supreme Leader of Iran Ali Khamenei of holding principal responsibility. On 8 February 2026, an Iranian court in the north-eastern city of
Mashhad sentenced Mohammadi to seven years and six months (six years for "gathering and collusion", and 18 months for "propaganda activities" She did not defend herself, as she believes that the Iranian judiciary is illegitimate, but went on a
hunger strike for a week to protest her detention conditions. The prison doctor who examined her said she had had a heart attack. She remained unconscious for over an hour, and despite her serious condition, she was only treated in the prison
infirmary, and not taken to hospital. On 15 April, it was reported that she was in critical condition. ==Personal life ==