Pre-war politics The party never gained direct political influence, but it made its mark on Norwegian politics nonetheless. Despite the fact that it never managed to get more than 2.5% of the vote and failed to elect even one candidate to the
Storting, it became a factor by polarising the political scene. The established parties in Norway viewed it as a Norwegian version of the German
Nazis, and generally refused to cooperate with it in any way. Several of its marches and rallies before the war were either banned, or marred by violence when communists and socialists clashed with the Hird. A significant trait of the party throughout its existence was a relatively high level of internal conflict.
Antisemitism,
anti-Masonry and differing views on religion, as well as the party's association with the Nazis and
Germany, were hotly debated, and factionalized the party. By the time the
Second World War broke out, the party had around 2,000 members. Strong belief in
Romantic nationalism and
authoritarianism dominated the NS ideology. It also relied heavily on Nordic symbolism in its propaganda and speeches. It asserted that its symbol (shown at the head of this article), a golden
sun cross on a red background (colours of the
coat of arms of Norway), had been the symbol of
St. Olaf, painted on his shield.
During the German occupation gave a speech at
Universitetsplassen in Oslo aimed to recruit volunteers for the
Norwegian Legion to fight on the Eastern Front in Finland When
Germany invaded Norway on 9 April 1940, Quisling later that day marched into the
Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation studios in
Oslo and made a radio broadcast proclaiming himself
Prime Minister and ordering all anti-German resistance to end immediately. He claimed that Germany was simply offering Norway "peaceful help" after the Allies
mined Norwegian waters, but Prime Minister
Johan Nygaardsvold had "irresponsibly fled." However,
King Haakon VII, in unoccupied territory along with the
Nygaardsvold government, let it be known he would abdicate rather than appoint any government headed by Quisling. The Nygaardsvold government refused to step down in Quisling's favour and confirmed that resistance was to be continued. With no popular support, the German forces of occupation quickly thrust Quisling aside. In December 1940, Nasjonal Samling membership rose to 22,000, and peaked with around 44,000 in November 1943. After a brief period with a civilian caretaker government (
Administrasjonsrådet) appointed by the
Supreme Court, the Germans took control through
Reichskommissar Josef Terboven. He appointed a government responsible to himself, with most ministers from the ranks of Nasjonal Samling. However, the party leader, Quisling, was controversial in Norway as well as among the occupiers, and was denied a formal position until 1 February 1942, when he became "minister president" of the "
national government". Other important ministers were
Jonas Lie (also head of the Norwegian wing of the
SS from 1941) as minister of police,
Gulbrand Lunde as minister of "popular enlightenment and
propaganda", and the
opera singer
Albert Viljam Hagelin, who was Minister of Home Affairs. The NS administration had a certain amount of autonomy in purely civilian matters, but it was in reality controlled by Reichskommissar Terboven as "head of state", subordinate only to
Adolf Hitler.
Post-war The post-war authorities proscribed the party and prosecuted its members as collaborators. Nearly 50,000 were brought to trial, approximately half of whom received prison sentences. The authorities executed Quisling for treason as well as a few other high-profile NS members, and prominent German officials in Norway, for war crimes. The sentences' lawfulness has been questioned, however, as Norway did not have
capital punishment in peace-time, and the
Norwegian constitution at the time stipulated that capital punishment for war crimes had to be carried out during actual wartime. Another issue of post-war treatment has been the ongoing Hamsun debate in Norway. The author
Knut Hamsun, although never a member, was a well-known NS sympathiser. After the war, Hamsun was, however, deemed mentally unfit to stand trial, and the issue of his links to the party has never been properly resolved. Hamsun's status as a
Nobel Prize laureate also results in his ties to NS being a sensitive subject. == Programme of Nasjonal Samling (excerpt) ==