In 1923,
Sun Yat-sen, Premier of the Kuomintang, accepted the advice of
Mikhail Borodin, a Soviet advisor to the
Communist International, and reorganized the Kuomintang into a Leninist party, modeled after the
Russian Communist Party (Bolshevik) system, to facilitate the promotion of the "National Revolution" in China. The following year, the Kuomintang held its
1st National Congress. Throughout the
Northern Expedition of the
National Revolutionary Army, the
Chinese Civil War, and even after the relocation of the ROC government to Taiwan in 1949, the Kuomintang maintained the rigid structure of a Leninist party. Following Taiwan's democratization in the 1990s, the ROC government established a liberal democratic party system in areas under its de facto control, and the Kuomintang's delegates to its National Congress began implementing term limits. After losing power in the 2000 presidential election, the Kuomintang further restructured its organizational structure, strengthening direct democracy mechanisms among members and increasing the frequency of its National Congress meetings to better reflect grassroots public opinion and adapt to Taiwan's democratic electoral system. While the Kuomintang's current party system has aligned itself with those of mainstream democracies worldwide, it still retains some vestiges of a rigid political system. == Powers ==