during an epidemic in Polotsk. Miniatures from
Radzivill Chronicle, late 15th century. The
nawie,
nawki, sometimes also referred to as
lalki (Polish language; all plural forms) were used as names for the souls of the dead. According to some scholars (namely
Stanisław Urbańczyk, among others), this word was a general name for demons arising out of the souls of tragic and premature deaths, killers, warlocks, the murdered and the
Drowned Dead. They were said to be hostile and unfavourable towards humans, being jealous of life. According to folk tales, the
nawie usually took the form of birds. ==As an underworld==