Nepenthes albomarginata

Nepenthes albomarginata was first collected by Thomas Lobb in 1848. It was formally described a year later by John Lindley in ''The Gardeners' Chronicle''. This name, along with all others, was dropped from the much-expanded second edition, published in 2008. ==Description==

Nepenthes albomarginata is a climbing plant. The stem may reach lengths of up to and is up to in diameter. Internodes are cylindrical in cross section and up to long. A dense band of short white trichomes is present directly below the peristome, although these may be missing from pitchers that have caught termites. The glandular region covers the bulbous portion of the pitcher's inner surface. The lid or operculum is suborbicular and lacks appendages. An unbranched spur (≤ long) is inserted near the base of the lid. Most parts of the plant are covered in a dense indumentum of very short, stellate white hairs. However, the underside of the lamina bears a dense covering of long hairs. ==Ecology==

Nepenthes albomarginata is a widespread species, occurring in Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia, and Sumatra. It is also found on smaller islands such as Nias and Penang. It has an altitudinal distribution of 0–1200 m above sea level. Its typical habitat consists of kerangas forest, but it has also been recorded from the summit vegetation of lowland peaks. ==Carnivory==

Nepenthes albomarginata is notable for specializing in termites; most of the species in the genus Nepenthes are unselective about their prey. According to botanist Marlis A. Merbach and coworkers, this specialization to a single prey taxon is unique amongst carnivorous plants. Nepenthes albomarginata has a unique morphological feature: a rim of living white trichomes directly below the peristome. The rim's hairs tend to be missing from pitchers that have caught termites. Merbach said "For several days, nothing would happen, then — after a single night — pitchers would fill with termites and their rim hairs would disappear." Merbach investigated this phenomenon by placing fresh intact pitchers, together with pitchers with their white rims removed, near to the head of foraging columns of the termite Hospitalitermes bicolor. When the column found the pitcher, termites grazed on the rim. While grazing, many termites (both workers and soldiers) fell into the pitchers. Once in the pitcher, they were unable to climb out. Merbach counted up to 22 individuals per minute falling into the pitchers and noted that the capture rate could easily exceed this for denser columns. After about an hour, the hairs were all gone and the pitcher was evidently no longer attractive to termites (and was filled with termites trying to escape). It is not known how the trichomes lure termites to the plant. Merbach detected no long-range olfactory attraction during his experiments and noted that "all contacts seemed to happen by chance, with termites often missing pitchers less than 1 cm away from them." Merbach also points out that N. albomarginata is the only plant species to offer its tissue as a bait. ==Related species==

In 2001, Clarke performed a cladistic analysis of the Nepenthes species of Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia using 70 morphological characteristics of each taxon. The following is a portion of the resultant cladogram, showing "Clade 6", which is only weakly supported at 50%. The sister pair of N. angasanensis and N. mikei has 79% support. }} ==Infraspecific taxa==

• N. albomarginata f. sanguinea Toyoda ex Hinode-Kadan (1985) nom.nud. • N. albomarginata var. rubra (Hort. ex Macfarl.) Macfarl. (1908) • N. albomarginata var. tomentella (Miq.) Beck (1895) • N. albomarginata var. typica Beck (1895) ==Natural hybrids==

• N. albomarginata × N. ampullaria • ? N. albomarginata × N. chaniana • N. albomarginata × N. clipeata • N. albomarginata × N. gracilis • N. albomarginata × N. hirsuta • N. albomarginata × N. rafflesiana • N. albomarginata × N. reinwardtiana [=N. × ferrugineomarginata] • N. albomarginata × N. veitchii N. albomarginata × N. reinwardtiana Its natural range covers the islands Borneo and Sumatra. The type specimen was collected by Shigeo Kurata in Kenukat, West Kalimantan, in 1981. Kurata described the hybrid the following year. ==References==