The party was represented in the South African House of Assembly from the
South African general election, 1910 until it lost its last seats in the
South African general election, 1958. It never came close to acquiring a majority in Parliament or to being the official opposition, but it did spend periods as a junior coalition partner in the government of South Africa. Between 1910 and 1929 the Party was led by
Colonel F. H. P. Creswell. The worldwide depression after the end of the
First World War had led to a strike in
South Africa, known as the
Rand Rebellion, which had been defused through a combination of military force and repression, including the imprisonment of Labour leader Frederic Creswell for a month. The government's heavy handed negotiations with the out-gunned
unions earned
Jan Smuts the enmity of the labour vote and the Labour Party, whose support was boosted by the growing militancy of workers. This paved the way for an election agreement between the Labour Party and the
National Party (NP) for the
1924 general election, in which the two parties would not oppose each other during the election and would support each other's candidates in certain constituencies. In the event, Creswell remained in office until 1933, for much of that time doubling as Minister of Labour. While serving in government, the LP initiated important economic and industrial legislation which improved conditions for white workers. These policies, however, did nothing to enhance conditions for black workers. After the
South African general election, 1929, even though the National Party won an overall majority, Colonel Creswell and a colleague remained ministers. When the National Party formed a coalition with Jan Smuts's
South African Party, in 1933, the Pact government came to an end. At the
South African general election, 1933, the Creswell faction became followers of General Smuts, thus leaving the National Council faction as the Labour Party. The National Party and the South African Party merged in 1934 as the
United Party (UP). When that party split, over the issue of South African participation in the Second World War, the Labour Party participated in a wartime coalition under the Premiership of Jan Smuts formed in 1939. Walter Madeley, the Labour leader, left the coalition in 1945. On 24 July 1946, Walter Madeley resigned from the leadership and the party. Three other MPs also left the party during 1946–47 because they favoured a more conservative line on racial questions than the party organisation. Madeley, who had represented
Benoni in the Union Parliament continuously since it was created in 1910, died in 1947. A dissident Labour candidate (representing the United Labour Party) contested the Benoni by-election, but lost by 949 votes to the official Labour candidate. Dissident Labour candidates also contested the
South African general election, 1948 but won no seats. After 1939, the Labour Party was clearly closer to the United Party than to the National Party. Labour had an electoral pact with the UP in 1943, 1948 and 1953. However Labour tended to oppose the NP, after it came to power in 1948, more vigorously than the larger and more conservative United Party felt able to do. The Labour leader,
John Christie, died during the
South African general election, 1953. His successor, the last Labour leader
Alex Hepple, tried to pursue a socialist policy as well as maintaining relations with groups like the
African National Congress. His policies proved to be far too left-leaning for the majority Afrikaner-electorate and led a sound defeat in the
1958 election, in which Labour gained 0.23% of the votes and lost all of its remaining seats. The Labour Party was dissolved soon after the election. A small fraction of former Labour politicians formed the
Conservative Workers Party, which only gained 0.31% in the
1961 elections and disbanded as well. ==Leaders==