Memnon of Heraclea wrote that Nicomedes IV was the son of Nicomedes III by his wife
Nysa, but according to
Granius Licinianus he was a son of Nicomedes III by a first wife called
Aristonica, who Granius Licinianus claims died nine days after his birth. He had three half siblings,
Nysa by his father's second marriage to Nysa, and a half brother named
Socrates Chrestus from his father's concubine, Hagne, and possibly
Pylaemenes III by an unknown woman. His reign began at the death of his father. The first few years of his kingship were relatively peaceful, but soon King
Mithridates VI of Pontus (the maternal grand-uncle of Nicomedes IV), one of
Rome's greatest enemies during the late Republic, began harassing Bithynia's borders. Nicomedes IV's brother,
Socrates Chrestus, assisted by Mithridates VI, defeated Nicomedes IV's army in 90 BC, and Nicomedes IV was forced to flee to
Italy. He was restored to his throne by
Manius Aquillius due to Rome's influence in the region. However, Aquillius encouraged Nicomedes IV to raid Mithridates VI's territory, prompting Mithridates VI to retaliate again in 88 BC. Nicomedes IV fled once again to Rome. Mithridates invaded and conquered Bithynia and the Roman provinces of Asia, starting the
First Mithridatic War. The East was seen by the Romans as a province providing an abundance of gold and silver. As such, two powerful Romans,
Gaius Marius and the
consul Lucius Cornelius Sulla aimed at a command in the region. After marching on Rome and outlawing Marius, Sulla sailed east and fought Mithridates VI on several occasions over the next three years, and finally in 85 BC, Mithridates VI sued for peace, and was allowed to retain his kingship in Pontus after paying a heavy fine. Nicomedes IV was restored to his throne in Bithynia in 84 BC. It is unknown if a sexual relationship existed or was only a story told by his opponents, and Caesar vigorously denied its truthfulness. As one of his last acts as king of Bithynia, in 74 BC, Nicomedes IV bequeathed the entire
Kingdom of Bithynia to Rome. The
Roman Senate quickly voted it as a new province. Rome's old enemy
Mithridates VI of
Pontus had other plans for Bithynia, however, and Nicomedes IV's death and bequeathal led directly to the
Third Mithridatic War. ==See also==