Rogkavopoulos made his
professional debut with the
Greek 2nd Division club
Doukas, in a game against
Ethnikos Piraeus, in the
Greek Cup in
2016. On July 13, 2017, Rogkavopoulos moved to
AEK Athens, after he signed a six-year contract with the club, through the 2022–23 season. He spent the 2017–18 season playing with AEK's junior teams, and on the senior team's
practice squad. For the following season, Rogkavopoulos moved up to AEK's senior team, and he made his debut in Greece's
top-tier level
Greek Basket League (GBL), during the
GBL 2018–19 season. He also made his debut in one of the two European-wide secondary level competitions,
FIBA's
Basketball Champions League (BCL), in the
BCL 2018–19 season. With AEK, he won the
2019 edition of the
FIBA Intercontinental Cup, and the
Greek Cup title,
in 2020. During the 2020–2021 season, Rogkavopoulos had a falling-out with the club due to playing time concerns as well as withheld contract payments, which ended in his suspension from the team for the rest of the season. In the 2021 offseason, all players under contract with AEK were released in order to be renegotiated under new terms, resulting in Rogkavopoulos's free agency. In April 2020, Rogkavopoulos declared for the
2020 NBA draft. On July 28, 2021, Rogkavopoulos signed a three-year deal with
Promitheas Patras of the
Greek Basket League and the
EuroCup. In 16 league games, he averaged 6.5 points, 4.3 rebounds and 1.1 assists, playing around 20 minutes per contest. He was quietly suspended for disciplinary reasons in the latter stretch of the season. Rogkavopoulos spent the 2022–2023 season with Turkish club
Merkezefendi, averaging 15.4 points, 4.5 rebounds and 1.8 assists per contest, in 28 domestic league matches. On July 3, 2023, Rogkavopoulos signed a three-year contract with Basque powerhouse
Saski Baskonia, making the jump to the
Liga ACB and the
EuroLeague. On July 27, 2025, Baskonia officially announced his departure from the club after two seasons. On July 27, 2025, Nikos Rogkavopoulos signed a four-year contract with
Panathinaikos after a buyout agreement was reached with his previous club. The deal was reportedly worth €1 million per season./. At Panathinaikos, Rogkavopoulos is expected to contribute significantly to the team's forward rotation, sharing the small forward position with
Cedi Osman. His return to Greece adds a homegrown talent to the EuroLeague powerhouse's roster. ==National team career==