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Norah Elam

Norah Elam, also known as Norah Dacre Fox, was an Irish-born militant suffragette, anti-vivisectionist, feminist and fascist in the United Kingdom.

Early life
Norah Doherty was born on 5 March 1878 at 13 Waltham Terrace in Blackrock, Dublin to John Doherty, a partner in a paper mill, and Charlotte Isabel Clarke. She moved to England with her family and by 1891 was living in London. Norah married Charles Richard Dacre Fox in 1909. ==Political activity==
Political activity
Norah Dacre Fox was a prominent member of the Women's Social and Political Union and, by 1913, served as general secretary. Dacre Fox was an effective propagandist, delivering rousing speeches at the WSPU weekly meetings and writing many of Christabel Pankhurst's speeches. In May 1914 Flora Drummond and Norah Dacre Fox besieged the homes of Edward Carson and Lord Lansdowne, both prominent Ulster Unionist politicians who had been inciting militancy in Ulster against the Home Rule Bill then going through Parliament. Drummond and Dacre Fox had both been issued with summonses to appear before magistrates for 'making inciting speeches' and encouraging women to militancy. Their response to journalists who interviewed them was that they thought they should take refuge with Carson and Lansdowne who had also been making speeches and encouraging militancy in Ireland, but who appeared to be safe from interference from the authorities for doing so. Both women appeared before a magistrate, were sentenced to imprisonment and taken to Holloway Prison where they immediately commenced hunger and thirst strikes and endured force-feeding. In the 1918 United Kingdom general election she stood as an independent candidate in Richmond (Surrey); she received 20% of the votes but was not elected. The same year she campaigned for the internment of enemy aliens in collaboration with the British Empire Union and the National Party. During 1916 and 1917, Elam obtained work as supervisor of a typewriting pool at the Medical Research Council (MRC), gaining information she was to use in articles published under the auspices of the LPAVS during 1934 and 1935. In March 1921, Elam advertised in The Times and chaired a public meeting of LPAVS at the Aeolian Hall in London to discuss 'The Dog's Bill' (a bill to prohibit the vivisection of dogs) that was being debated in Parliament at that time. After her release, Norah and Dudley Elam escorted Unity Mitford to see Diana and Oswald Mosley in Holloway on 18 March 1943. ==Family==
Family
Elam had one son, Evelyn (born 1922). Her granddaughter, Angela McPherson, described in a 2010 BBC Radio 4 documentary, Mother Was a Blackshirt, that she had no idea until 2002 of the role Elam played in the fascist movement. McPherson knew that Elam had been a suffragette who claimed to have been close to the Pankhursts; a decision to search online for information about Norah Elam started to throw up information she had not been aware of. McPherson felt that she had subconsciously blocked out disturbing memories of the stories her grandmother told her as a child, which were to affect her family. She described Elam as a "dreadful racist" who emotionally damaged her son, turning him into a "bullying misogynist" imitation of Norah's own father. A biography, ''Mosley's Old Suffragette'', written by Susan McPherson and Angela McPherson, was published in 2011. ==References==
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