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North Hollywood shootout

The North Hollywood shootout, also known as the Battle of North Hollywood, was a confrontation between two heavily armed and armored bank robbers, Larry Phillips Jr. and Emil Mătăsăreanu, and police officers in the North Hollywood neighborhood of Los Angeles on February 28, 1997. Both robbers were killed, twelve police officers and eight civilians were injured, and numerous vehicles and other property were damaged or destroyed by the nearly 2,000 rounds of ammunition fired by the robbers and police.

Backgrounds
Larry Eugene Phillips Jr. (September 20, 1970 — February 28, 1997) and Decebal Ștefan Emilian "Emil" Mătăsăreanu (July 19, 1966 — February 28, 1997) first met at a Gold's Gym in Venice, a neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, in 1989. Phillips and Mătăsăreanu had mutual interests in weightlifting, bodybuilding, and firearms. Both were big men; Larry Phillips Jr. stood and weighed , and Emil Mătăsăreanu stood and weighed . Before meeting, Phillips was a habitual offender, responsible for multiple real estate scams and counts of shoplifting. His first arrest was in 1989 when he shoplifted $400 worth of merchandise, including two suits, at a Sears in Alhambra. He was living with his wife in Anaheim Hills at the time of his death. Mătăsăreanu was born in Timișoara, Romania, to parents who relocated to Altadena, California, in 1974. He attended Pasadena High School. Growing up, it has been said he was bullied over his accent and weight. In an interview with his mother after his death, she said "bullying by schoolmates caused him to turn to computers as a refuge." She called her son "a sharpshooter and computer whiz" that "programmed arcade and video games." In August 1996 Mătăsăreanu "split up with his wife after having a seizure." He earned a degree at DeVry University's Pomona campus He became an American citizen in 1988. On July 20, 1993, Phillips and Mătăsăreanu robbed an armored car outside a branch of FirstBank in Littleton, Colorado. Three months later, on October 23, they were initially pulled over by Glendale police when Mătăsăreanu was speeding in a red 1993 Pontiac Firebird. The subsequent search of their vehicle—after Phillips surrendered with a concealed weapon—found two semi-automatic rifles (a Norinco MAK90 rifle and a Polytech AKS underfolding rifle), two handguns (one Springfield Armory .45 pistol and one Colt .45 pistol), more than 1,600 rounds of 7.62×39mm rifle ammunition, 1,200 rounds of hollow point 9×19mm Parabellum and .45 ACP handgun hollow point ammunition, radio scanners, six smoke bombs, improvised explosive devices, body armor vests, wigs, a stopwatch, a gas mask, and three different California license plates. Initially charged with conspiracy to commit robbery, due to plea bargaining, it was downgraded to a misdemeanor. Both served 100 days in jail and were placed on three years of probation. After their release, most of their seized property was returned to them, except for the confiscated firearms and explosives. On June 14, 1995, Phillips and Mătăsăreanu ambushed a Brink's armored car in Winnetka, Los Angeles, killing one guard, Herman Cook, and seriously wounding another. In May 1996, they robbed two branches of Bank of America in the San Fernando Valley area of Los Angeles, stealing approximately US$1.5 million. The pair were dubbed the "High Incident Bandits" by investigators due to the weaponry they had used in three robberies prior to their attempt in North Hollywood. ==Robbery==
Robbery
Preparation On the morning of February 28, 1997, after months of preparation that included extensive reconnoitering of their intended target—the Bank of America branch located at 6600 Laurel Canyon Boulevard—Phillips and Mătăsăreanu armed themselves with a Beretta 92FS pistol and five rifles, a semi-automatic HK-91 and several illegally converted weapons equipped with drum magazines: two Norinco Type 56 S rifles, a fully automatic Norinco Type56 S-1, and a fully automatic Bushmaster XM15 Dissipator. The robbers filled a jam jar with gasoline and placed it in the back seat with the intention of setting the car and weapons on fire to destroy evidence after the robbery. Phillips wore roughly of equipment, including a Type IIIA bulletproof vest and groin guard; a load bearing vest with multiple military ammo pouches; and several pieces of homemade body armor created from spare vests, covering his shins, thighs, and forearms. Mătăsăreanu wore only a Type IIIA bulletproof vest, but included a metal ballistic plate to protect vital organs. Additionally, each man had a watch sewn onto the back of one glove, in order to monitor their timing. Before entering, they took the barbiturate phenobarbital, prescribed to Mătăsăreanu as a sedative, to calm their nerves. The Forensic Toxicology Laboratory of the Coroner's Office later also found ephedrine and phenylpropanolamine in Phillips' blood, and phenytoin in Mătăsăreanu's blood. Bank robbery Phillips and Mătăsăreanu, driving a white 1987 Chevrolet Celebrity, arrived at the Bank of America branch at the intersection of Laurel Canyon Boulevard and Archwood Street in North Hollywood around 9:16 a.m., and set their watch alarms for eight minutes, the time they had estimated it would take police to get to the bank in response to an alarm. To come up with this timeframe, Phillips had used a radio scanner to monitor police transmissions prior to the robbery. As they approached the bank entrance, each armed with a Norinco Type 56 rifle, Phillips and Mătăsăreanu forced a customer leaving the ATM lobby near the entrance into the bank and onto the floor. A security guard inside saw the scuffle and the heavily armed robbers and radioed his partner in the parking lot to call the police; the call was not received. Phillips shouted, "This is a fucking hold-up!" before he and Mătăsăreanu opened fire into the ceiling in an attempt to scare the approximately thirty bank staff and customers and to discourage resistance. Additionally, the officers were pinned down by the heavy sprays of gunfire coming from the robbers, making it extremely difficult to attempt a head shot with their handguns. Several officers acquired five AR-15-style rifles from a nearby gun store to combat the robbers. Two locations adjacent to the bank's north parking lot provided good cover for officers and detectives. Police likely shot Phillips with their handguns while Phillips was still firing and taking cover near four vehicles adjacent to the north wall of the bank. One location that Officer Richard Zielenski of Valley Traffic Division effectively used for cover was the adjacent Del Taco restaurant's west wall, from Phillips. Zielenski fired 86 9mm rounds at Phillips and is believed to have hit Phillips during their exchange. Zielenski was also able to use this position to draw Phillips' fire away from Sgt. Haynes and Officer Whitfield, who were both wounded and had only marginal cover behind trees across Laurel Canyon Blvd. The other location that proved advantageous for the LAPD was the backyard of 6641 Agnes Avenue. A cinder block wall provided relative cover for several detectives shooting at Phillips with their 9mm pistols. Detective Vince Bancroft and Detective Kevin Harley, in particular, were able to position themselves behind cover and fire between 15 and 24 rounds at Phillips, from a distance of approximately . After Mătăsăreanu backed the Chevrolet Celebrity out of the handicapped space in the north parking lot, Phillips received a gunshot wound to his left wrist, based upon helicopter news footage that showed him react to pain. At the same approximate time, LAPD gunfire struck the Heckler & Koch rifle that Phillips was firing, rendering it inoperable with a bullet impact to the receiver, causing the magazine to become jammed in the mag well. Phillips discarded it and rearmed himself with another Type 56 rifle from the trunk of the sedan. Arrival of SWAT team After LAPD radio operators received the second "officer down" call from police at the shootout, a tactical alert was issued. An LAPD Metropolitan Division SWAT team (Donnie Anderson, Steve Gomez, Peter Weireter, and Richard Massa) arrived 18 minutes after the shooting had begun. They were armed with AR-15s, and wore running shoes and shorts under their body armor, as they had been on an exercise run when they received the call. Upon arrival, they commandeered a nearby armored car (driven by Hector Quevedo and David Campbell), which was used to extract wounded civilians and officers from the scene. As Phillips approached the passenger side of the getaway vehicle, he was hit in the shoulder and his rifle was struck in the receiver and magazine by bullets fired by police. After firing a few more shots with one arm, Phillips discarded the HK-91 and retrieved the Norinco Type 56 S-1 before exiting the parking lot and retreating onto the street while Mătăsăreanu drove down the road. Officers across the street continued to shoot Phillips' body several times while he was on the ground. After the firing had stopped, officers in the area surrounded Phillips, handcuffed him (though obviously deceased at this point, it was still standard procedure for police to arrest a criminal of his severity as if he were alive) and removed his ski mask. Later reports showed that Mătăsăreanu had 29 gunshot wounds in the legs and died from trauma due to excessive blood loss from two gunshot wounds in his left thigh. Most of the incident, including the death of Phillips and surrender of Mătăsăreanu, was broadcast live by news helicopters, which hovered over the scene and televised the action as events unfolded. Over 300 law enforcement officers from various forces had responded to the citywide tactical alert. By the time the shooting had stopped, Phillips and Mătăsăreanu had fired about 1,100 rounds, approximately a round every two seconds. • A Beretta 92FS Inox with several magazines • A Bushmaster XM-15 E2S Dissipator converted illegally to fire full auto with two 100-round Beta-C Magazines and fitted with a M16A1-style handguard It was speculated during news reports that Phillips had legally purchased two of the Norinco Type 56S rifles and then illegally converted them to be fully automatic. However, as Phillips was a convicted felon, it was not legal under 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(1) for him to possess, let alone purchase, a firearm. The two well-armored men had fired approximately 1,100 rounds, while approximately 650 rounds were fired by police. Following their training, the responding patrol officers directed their fire at the "center of mass", or torsos, of Mătăsăreanu and Phillips. However, aramid body armor worn by Phillips and Mătăsăreanu covered all of their vitals (except their heads), enabling them to absorb pistol bullets and shotgun pellets, while Mătăsăreanu's chest armor, thanks to a steel armor plate, successfully withstood a hit from a SWAT officer's AR-15. The service pistols carried by the first responding officers were of insufficient power and used the wrong type of ammunition for penetrating even pistol-rated soft body armor. Furthermore, the police were pinned down by fully automatic suppressive fire, making it difficult for them to execute the type of well-aimed return fire that would be required to attempt head shots. Phillips was shot 11 times, including his self-inflicted gunshot wound to the chin, while Mătăsăreanu was shot 29 times. Casualties Twelve police officers and eight civilians were injured and the two suspects died in the shootout. Police officers • Sergeant Larry "Dean" Haynes was hit in the shoulder and legs • Officer Martin Whitfield was shot and seriously wounded four times in the left arm, right femur and chest • Detective Tracey Angeles was grazed in the stomach and buttock • Juan Villigrana was struck across the head by the stock of an assault rifle • Michael Horen was hit in the left side of the chest • Jose Haro was hit by flying glass and fragments • William Marr was hit by glass and fragments in the right arm, left temple and nose ==Aftermath==
Aftermath
XM-15 with a 100-round Beta Magazine used by Mătăsăreanu, photographed at the location where he died. The No. 25 evidence marker in the background is for his ski mask. The shootout contributed to motivating the arming of rank-and-file police officers in Los Angeles and nationwide with semi-automatic rifles. Seven months after the incident, the Department of Defense gave 600 surplus M16 rifles to the LAPD, which were issued to each patrol sergeant; LAPD patrol vehicles began carrying AR-15s as standard issue, with bullet-resistant Kevlar plating in their doors as well. Also as a result of this incident, LAPD authorized its officers to carry .45 ACP caliber semi-automatic pistols as duty sidearms, specifically the Smith & Wesson Models 4506 and 4566. Prior to 1997, only LAPD SWAT officers were authorized to carry .45 ACP caliber pistols, specifically the M1911A1 .45 ACP semi-automatic pistol. On June 12, 1998, LAPD Chief of Police Bernard C. Parks released to the Board of Police Commissioners a memorandum detailing his review of officers' use of force during the February 28, 1997 North Hollywood shootout. The memorandum contains many details about the shootout including badge numbers of officers and detectives, where they positioned themselves in the perimeter around the robbers with distances of fire, and how many rounds they fired from their weapons. Parks commended department personnel for their actions to "distract" the robbers and "obstruct" the robbers from attempting to evade police. The memorandum lists the injuries of all officers who received injuries at the hands of the robbers. A lawsuit on behalf of Mătăsăreanu's children was filed by lawyer Stephen Yagman against members of the LAPD (Detective James Vojtecky and Officer John Futrell), claiming Mătăsăreanu's civil rights had been violated and that he was allowed to bleed to death. The lawsuit was tried in United States District Court in February and March 2000, and ended in a mistrial with a hung jury. The year following the shootout, 18 officers of the LAPD received the departmental Medal of Valor for their actions, and met President Bill Clinton. In 2003, a film about the incident was produced, titled 44 Minutes: The North Hollywood Shoot-Out. In 2004, the Los Angeles Police Museum in Highland Park opened an exhibit featuring two life-size mannequins of Phillips and Mătăsăreanu fitted with similar armor and clothing they wore, and weaponry they used. Also on display at the museum is the robbers' getaway car and Officer Martin Whitfield's LAPD squad car. ==In popular culture==
In popular culture
The incident has since inspired and influenced many pieces of media, such as films and songs. It has also been covered and portrayed in several television documentaries. • 211 – 2018 York Shackleton film loosely based on this event, starring Nicolas Cage44 Minutes: The North Hollywood Shoot-Out – 2003 made-for-television film about a semi-fictionalized version of this event • Situation Critical - TV series, has an episode covering this event • North Hollywood Shootout (album) – album by Blues Traveler based on this event • "44 Minutes" – song by American metal band Megadeth based on this event • Grand Theft Auto V – 2013 video game containing a mission, "The Paleto Score", loosely based on this event • Casefile True Crime Podcast – Case 18: The North Hollywood Shootout covers this event • S.W.A.T. – 2003 film starring Colin Farrell and Samuel L. Jackson, with an opening scene loosely based on this event • Zero Hour – 2004 docudrama TV series features and portrays this event in the fifth episode of the third season • Shootout! – 2005 documentary series featured on The History Channel covers and portrays this event in the first season • I Was There When... — Episode 3 ("North Hollywood Bank Shootout") covers this event ==See also==
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