MarketConstitution of North Korea
Company Profile

Constitution of North Korea

The Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea is the communist state constitution of North Korea. It was approved by the 6th Supreme People's Assembly at its first session on 27 December 1972, and has been amended and supplemented in 1992, 1998, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2013, 2016, 2019 (twice), 2023, 2024, 2025 and 2026. It replaced the country's first constitution which was approved in 1948. Originally named the Socialist Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, it assumed its current name in March 2026.

History
1948 Constitution North Korea began to draft its first constitution following the convention of the South Korean Interim Legislative Assembly on 12 December 1946 which began to draft an interim constitution for South Korea and the failure to establish a unified provisional government in Korea due to the collapse of the US-Soviet Joint Commission on 21 October 1947. In November 1947, the People's Assembly of North Korea organized a 31-member committee to enact a provisional constitution. A draft provisional constitution was presented to the People's Assembly of North Korea in February 1948, and it was decided to submit it to an "all-people discussion" that was held from 11 February until 25 April 1948. The 1948 constitution consisted of 10 chapters and 104 articles. It codified the reforms being implemented in North Korea since the establishment the Provisional People's Committee of North Korea in 1946, such as land reforms, the nationalization of industries and resources, and the provision of various freedoms and rights to Koreans. The constitution instituted the Supreme People's Assembly as the highest government institution in North Korea with various powers such as the passing of laws and the election of the Cabinet, the Supreme Court and the Procurator General. The Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly was tasked with exercising the powers of the assembly during its recess, as well as to represent the country in its foreign relations. The Cabinet was instituted to be the highest executive institution, with its Premier being designated as head of government. The 1948 constitution was amended five times in April 1954, October 1954, 1955, 1956 and 1962. 1972 Constitution North Korea began drafting the present Socialist Constitution as there was a need to set into law the expanding socialist policies and the political, economic and social changes in the country, which are no longer being reflected in the 1948 constitution. On 23 October 1972, a committee to draft the Socialist Constitution was organized during the 5th plenary meeting of the 5th convocation of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea. Kim Il Sung said in a report during the meeting that there was a need to codify the "socialist revolution and construction" and their achievements in the constitution. The Socialist Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea has been amended thirteen times: in 1992, 1998, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2013, 2016, April 2019, August 2019, 2023, 2024, 2025, and 2026. The Socialist Constitution was renamed to the Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea in the 2026 amendment. == Structure ==
Structure
The Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea consists of a preamble and 172 articles organized into seven chapters as of 11 April 2019. The constitution is considered as unique for combining strong socialist and nationalist tendencies as well as referencing the country's Juche ideology. Preamble The preamble describes North Korea, which has the official name of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, as a "people-centered socialist state" that "represents the interests of the Korean people and struggles for the socialist cause". Chapter 1 – Politics Chapter 1 of the Constitution consists of 18 articles that outline the political structure of North Korea. Article 1 states that North Korea, which has an official name of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Article 2 states that the DPRK's territory "includes the territory bordering the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation to the north, and the Republic of Korea to the south, as well as the territorial seas and airspace established thereon." Article 3 makes Kimilsungism-Kimjongilism as the country's guide for its activities, while Article 11 makes the Workers' Party of Korea lead all of the country's activities. Article 4 gives the sovereignty of the country to the working people consisting of workers, peasants, soldiers and talented personnel who exercise it through their representatives in the Supreme People's Assembly and local people's assemblies organized in the nation's administrative divisions. Articles 20 to 23 states that the means of production are owned by the state and social cooperatives, and lists provisions for state and social cooperative properties. Article 41 provides that this socialist culture is popular and revolutionary. Article 59 lists the mission of the North Korean armed forces as to defend the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea headed by Kim Jong Un, as well as the interests of the working people, the socialist system, the gains of the revolution and the freedom, peace and independence of the country from foreign aggression. Article 63 states that the rights and duties of North Korean citizens are based on the collectivist principle of "one for all and all for one", with Article 64 guaranteeing the rights and well-being of citizens as well as expanding their rights and freedom based on the consolidation and development of the socialist system. Section 2 describes the Supreme People's Assembly as the highest institution of state power that exercises legislative power. It consists of deputies elected through universal, equal and direct suffrage through secret ballot for a five-year term. It has the power to amend the constitution, adopt or amend laws, elect or recall the President of the State Affairs Commission, the members of the State Affairs Commission, the Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly, the members of the Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly, the Premier, the members of the Cabinet, the Prosecutor General of the Supreme Public Prosecutors Office, the President and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, approve the state plan for national economic development, approve the national budget, and ratify or annul treaties presented to it. Section 3 describes the State Affairs Commission as the supreme policy-oriented leadership institution consisting of the President, vice-presidents and members. The commission decides on important state policies, issue decisions and directives, and supervise the fulfillment of the orders of the president of the Commission and the SAC decisions and directives. Section 4 describes the Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly as the highest institution of state power when the Supreme People's Assembly is in recess. The SC-SPA consists of the Chairman of the Standing Committee, vice-chairmen of the committee and members assigned from among deputies of the Assembly and has the power to exercise legislative power, convene sessions of the Supreme People's Assembly, interpret the constitution, supervise the observance of legislative acts, organize elections, appoint or remove members of the Cabinet and judges and people's assessors of the Supreme Court, approve or nullify treaties, decide on the appointment and recall of diplomatic representatives to the Republic, institute and confer decorations, medals and honors in the name of the Republic and grant general amnesty. The Chairman of the Standing Committee of the SPA is tasked to receive the credentials and letters of recall of foreign diplomatic representatives to the Republic upon full consent of the office of the presidency of the SAC. Section 5 describes the Cabinet as the administrative and executive institutions of state power responsible for overall state management. It is headed by the Premier, and consists of the first vice premier, vice-premiers, chairmen, ministers and other required members. It is responsible for implementing state policies, drafting the state plan for national economic development and compiling the national budget. The Cabinet and its composition is appointed and relieved by the SPA and/or its Standing Committee. Section 6 describes the local people's assemblies as the local organs of state power in provinces, municipalities, cities, district and counties and provide limited legislative power to the aformentioned especially in regards to local policies, while Section 7 describes the local people's committees as local organs of state power when the local people's assemblies are not in session and as local administrative and executive institutions of state power, whose leaders are assigned from within the LPAs. The Chairman of a regional or local LPC is appointed and relieved from his or her post by the LPAs and serves as the local chief executive of the level of administrative division of his/her supervision. Section 8 provides the power of investigation and prosecution to provincial and local level public prosecutors offices under the Supreme Public Prosecutors Office, and the judicial power to the courts under the Supreme Court. Chapter 7 – Emblem, Flag, Anthem and Capital Chapter 7 of the Constitution consists of four articles that designate the national symbols of North Korea. Article 169 provides descriptions for the national emblem, while Article 170 provides descriptions for the national flag. Article 171 states that "Aegukka" as the national anthem. Article 172 states that Pyongyang is the national capital. ==Amendments==
Amendments
According to Chapter 6, Section 1, Article 97 of the Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, the constitution can be amended through the approval of more than two-thirds of the total number of deputies in the Supreme People's Assembly. These provisions allowed for Kim Jong Il to assume the positions of supreme commander of the Korean People's Army on 24 December 1991 and chairman of the National Defense Commission on 9 April 1993. The amendment's introduction was also a response to the Revolutions of 1989 in Eastern Europe and the dissolution of the Soviet Union. It removed mentions of Marxism–Leninism in the constitution, and constitutionalized the philosophical principle of Juche with the Workers' Party of Korea being stated to have a leading role in the country's activities. It also removed the foreign policy clause of international cooperation with socialist states and adopted independence, peace and solidarity as the basis for North Korea's foreign policy. The amendment removed any mention of communism in the constitution and recognized North Korea as a socialist state that is also guided by Kim Jong Il's policy of Songun alongside Juche. 2024 amendment In October 2024, the Socialist Constitution was amended by the 11th Session of the 14th Supreme People's Assembly. The official report published by the Korean Central News Agency mentioned changes to voting and working ages. Later on October 17, the state media mentioned a constitutional provision that identifies the Republic of Korea as a "hostile state", in line with a statement made by Kim Jong Un on the WPK Central Committee Plenary Session of abandoning peaceful reunification and regarding South Korea as a foreign and hostile state. 2025 amendment In January 2025, the Socialist Constitution was amended by the 12th Session of the 14th Supreme People's Assembly. The official report announced renaming of the Central Court to the Supreme Court, and the Central Public Prosecutor's Office to the Supreme Public Prosecutor's Office. The full text of the constitution amended by laws of October 2024 and January 2025 are yet to be made available to foreign observers, as of January 24, 2025. 2026 amendment On 23 March 2026, the Constitution was amended by the first session of the 15th Supreme People's Assembly. The official report announced dropping the word "Socialist" from the name of the Constitution. The preamble was changed from describing North Korea as the "socialist state of Juche" that applies the ideas and achievements of Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il on state construction to describing it as a "people-centered socialist state" that "represents the interests of the Korean people and struggles for the socialist cause". Additionally, the lines that the DPRK "struggles to strengthen the people's government in the northern part" and works to "achieve the complete victory of socialism, and to realize national reunification on the principles of independence, peaceful reunification, and great national unity" were removed. In Article 1, the line "the Democratic People's Republic of Korea is an independent socialist state representing the interests of the entire Korean people" was changed to "The name of our country is the Democratic People's Republic of Korea". A territorial clause was added to the Article 2. ==See also==
tickerdossier.comtickerdossier.substack.com