Māori history '' migratory canoe visited
Maungauika / North Head around the year 1350 (watercolour by
Caroline Harriet Abraham in the 1850s).
Tāmaki Māori settlement of the
Auckland Region began around the 13th or 14th centuries.
Toi-te-huatahi and his followers settled and intermarried with these early peoples. Around the year 1350, the
Tainui migratory canoe visited the North Shore, stopping at the freshwater spring southwest of
Maungauika / North Head, Over time, many of the early Tāmaki Māori people of the North Shore identified as
Ngā Oho. While the poor soils of the central North Shore acted as a barrier to agriculture and settlement, people settled the coastal margins, most notably the volcanic south-east,
Long Bay (), Kauri Point in
Chatswood, Numerous archaeological sites are found on the banks of the Lucas Creek and the Ōteha valley, because of its importance as a transportation node. including important rangatira such as
Kiwi Tāmaki of
Waiohua, and later Tarahawaiki of
Ngāti Whātua.
Expansion of Ngāti Pāoa, and early contact with Europeans with visible terracing,
Takararo / Mount Cambria,
Takamaiiwaho / Duders Hill Rangitoto Island (in distance) and
Maungauika / North Head. Maungauika was a fortified
Ngāti Paoa pā in the early 1790s. By the early 18th century, the
Marutūāhu iwi
Ngāti Paoa had expanded their influence to include the islands of the
Hauraki Gulf and the North Shore. The ancestor Kapetaua was marooned at Te Toka-o-Kapetaua (
Bean Rock) as a child by his brother-in-law Taramokomoko, Waiohua chief of
Kohimarama Pā, as punishment for stealing from kūmara pits. Taramokomoko was rescued by his sister Taurua, and fled to
Waiheke Island, where he spent the rest of his childhood training to become a skilled warrior. Around the year 1700, Kapetaua formed a
taua and pursued Taramokomoko, leading to the sacking of pā around the North Shore, including Te Rahopara o Peretū (
Castor Bay), Onewa (Northcote), and Tauhinu (Greenhithe). After periods of conflict, peace had been reached by the 1790s. Ngāti Paoa settled in areas such as (
Torpedo Bay), (
Narrow Neck), and at Northcote. The leader of the northern alliance, Te Hōtete (father of
Hongi Hika) settled at Takapuna for a period, returning to the north after peace with Ngāti Paoa had been made. Early contact with Europeans in the late 18th century caused many Tāmaki Māori to die of , respiratory diseases. By the first half of the 19th century, the Upper Waitematā Harbour area near modern-day Greenhithe area was one of the most densely settled areas of the North Shore. During the early 1820s, most Māori of the North Shore fled for the
Waikato or
Northland due to the threat of
Ngāpuhi war parties during the
Musket Wars. Pā and kāinga along the coastline were attacked, including Maungauika / North Head. Ngāti Whātua left an
ahi kā presence at Tauhinu pā in Greenhithe: a small number of warriors posted to maintain claim to land. When people returned in greater numbers to the Auckland Region in the mid-1830s, Ngāti Whātua focused resettlement in the
Māngere-
Onehunga area, while Te Kawerau ā Maki focused settlement at
Te Henga / Bethells Beach and Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki primarily focused resettlement in
East Auckland and the
Pōhutukawa Coast. Ngāti Pāoa primarily focused live at
Wharekawa and
Waiheke Island, His people were members of the te Kawerau ā Maki hapū of Ngāti Kahu and Ngāti Poataniwha, who had close associations to Ngāti Taimanawaiti (Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki) and Ngāti Paoa. spending until 1873 rectifying this sale. Her husband
Eruera Maihi Patuone was a
Ngāpuhi chief, who spent time between different trading posts across the Hauraki Gulf, including Waiheke and Devonport. Police suspected Thomas Duder, who had followed Snow as the signalman in 1843. Duder was arrested, and later their neighbour Joseph Burns was found guilty of the murders. Burns became the first European to be executed in New Zealand. Patuone's lands at included a peach tree orchard and a village of twenty huts. On 9 July 1863, due to fears of the
Māori King Movement,
Governor Grey proclaimed that all Māori living in the
South Auckland area needed to swear loyalty to the Queen and give up their weapons. Most people refused due to strong links to Tainui, leaving for the south, before the Government instigated the
Invasion of the Waikato. On the North Shore, a curfew was placed on all Māori vessels, and most Māori residents of the North Shore quickly left, including the kāinga at (Torpedo Bay), which European residents reported was evacuated overnight. Fears of invasion by the expanding
Russian Empire were common among New Zealanders in the 1870s, especially due to the founding of Russia's Pacific port at
Vladivostok. An 1884 report by
Sir William Jervois, the
Governor of New Zealand, included recommendations for military forts to be constructed at the country's four main ports at
Auckland, leading to the establishment of three military forts: North Head, Fort Takapuna, and Fort Victoria at Takarunga / Mount Victoria. and helped communities further north develop. The tramway soon became unpopular, this changed with the establishment of industrial areas at
Wairau Valley and Barrys Point. In the 1990s, commune leaders including founder Bert Potter were charged on child sexual abuse and drug charges, During the same time period, Long Bay developed suburban housing, due to changes in zoning laws. In 2007, the
Upper Harbour Motorway was opened, creating a motorway connection between West Auckland and the North Shore. In 2008, the
Northern Busway was opened along the Northern Motorway. On 1 November 2010 the North Shore boundaries were amalgamated with the rest of the entire
Auckland Region, and the North Shore City Council was abolished and replaced by a single unitary city authority. All council services and facilities are now under authority of the
Auckland Council. ==Demographics==