Creation and Initial Operations of the 65th Army 4th Tank Army, under command of Maj. Gen.
Vasily Kryuchenkin, launched numerous counterattacks against the German corridor to Stalingrad from August to October, 1942, until it was severely depleted in strength. (It was derisively known for a time as the "four-tank army" due to the few vehicles still operational.)
Pavel Batov, who had previously commanded the
51st Army and the
3rd Army, assumed command on October 22, 1942, a command he would hold until the end of the War. He had orders to rebuild these forces as a combined-arms army, the 65th Army, as part of Rokossovsky's new Don Front. This was accomplished by mid-November, and at this time the army consisted of: • 3
Guards Rifle Divisions (
4th,
27th,
40th) • 6 Rifle Divisions (
23rd,
24th,
252nd,
258th,
304th,
321st) • 2 Separate Tank Brigades (91st, 121st) • 3 Army Artillery Regiments, 1 Howitzer Regiment, 5
Guards Mortar Regiments, and supporting units. 65th Army played a leading role in
Operation Uranus, the encirclement of the German forces at Stalingrad. Attacking out of the Kremenskaya bridgehead on the south bank of the
Don. Rokossovsky later wrote in reference to Batov and his army: In the lead up to
Operation Ring the 65th mounted an attack by two rifle divisions against the positions of the German
44th Infantry Division on January 7, 1943. This attack penetrated the German defensive line and inflicted severe casualties. A counterattack by German armor contained the Soviet advance, but did not regain the original line, consumed scarce fuel and ammunition, and exposed the vehicles to concentrated artillery fire, leading to losses. When Ring kicked off at 0805 hours on January 10, 65th Army was backed by a 55-minute artillery barrage from over 500 guns and howitzers and 450
rocket launchers on an attack front of 12 km, the highest density of Soviet artillery achieved to that point of the war. This was followed by air attacks from the 16th Air Army against positions to the rear of the main German line. About 0900 hours, shock groups of five rifle divisions of the Army, supported by the 91st Tank Brigade and six Guards heavy tank regiments (60-70
KV tanks and 21
Churchill Mark IV tanks). The front of the 44th Division was smashed quite quickly and four depleted battalions were overrun.
Redeployment to Central Front Following the German surrender at Stalingrad, Rokossovsky's forces were redeployed northwest to become the new
Central Front in the region around
Kursk. 65th Army exploited a gap between the weak
Second German Army and the
Second Panzer Army, but was brought to a halt by the spring
rasputitsa, German reserves released by their evacuation of the
Rzhev Salient, and the
German counter-offensive to the south of Kursk. 65th Army then dug in during the three-month lull in operations, towards the northwestern sector of the Kursk salient. At this time the order of battle of the 65th Army was as follows: •
18th Rifle Corps (
69th,
149th and
246th Rifle Divisions) •
27th Rifle Corps (60th and
193rd Rifle Divisions and 115th Rifle Brigade) •
37th Guards, 181st, 194th and
354th Rifle Divisions • 4 Separate Tank Regiments, 2 Antitank Regiments, 2 Mortar Regiments, 2
Guards Mortar Regiments, and other support units
Army strength: 100,000, 1,837 guns and mortars, 124 tanks and self-propelled guns. Due to its position in the western sector of the salient, the 65th emerged mostly unscathed from the Battle of Kursk, and was well equipped to exploit the German defeat. In late July and August the Army joined in the pursuit of German forces to the
Dnepr River. On 15 Oct., with divisional and army artillery firing 1,000 shells per minute in support, the
193rd Rifle Division forced a crossing of the Dnepr. From this point on, the 65th Army began earning a well-deserved reputation for its abilities in river-crossing and bridgehead operations.
Operation Bagration Rokossovsky's command was renamed
1st Belorussian Front, and in June, 1944, 65th Army took part in major strategic operations in
Belorussia. The Army's order of battle at this time was as follows: •
18th Rifle Corps (37th Guards, 44th Guards and 69th Rifle Divisions) •
105th Rifle Corps (
75th Guards,
193rd and
354th Rifle Divisions) •
15th and
356th Rifle Divisions, and 115th Rifle Brigade •
1st Guards Tank Corps (15th, 16th, 17th Guards Tank Brigades, and 1st Guards Motorized Rifle Brigade) • 1 Separate Tank Regiment and 4 Separate Self-propelled Artillery Regiments, and other support units. In a well-known confrontation at the planning stage, Rokossovski convinced
Stalin that, given the terrain, it was better to strike two strong blows against the German forces than just one. He was counting on Batov's ability to lead his Army across swampy regions south of
Bobruisk, using
corduroy roads, swamp shoes, and other means. 65th Army did not disappoint, and within a few days the German
Ninth Army was encircled and mostly destroyed. For his performance, Batov was promoted to Colonel General. 65th Army crossed the
Bug River on July 22, and pushed on to cross the
Narev River, north of Warsaw, by Sept. 4. Operation Bagration had run out of steam, but Batov's army held off strong German counterattacks against the Narev bridgehead for more than two months. For the
Danzig operation the army also had the 66th Guards SU Brigade attached, the Red Army's only heavy SU brigade, a potent force of 60
ISU-122 self-propelled guns. The offensive propelled 65th Army into eastern Germany, finally to the
Oder River, near
Stettin-an-Oder, where it once again forced a difficult river crossing in April 1945. Officials of the city surrendered to Colonel A. G. Frolenkov's 193rd Rifle Division on April 26. In
Demmin on and around May 1, 1945, members of the
65th Army of the 2nd Belorussian Front first broke into a distillery and then rampaged through the town, committing mass rapes, arbitrarily executing civilians, and setting fire to buildings. Many
Demmin civilians committed suicide.
Cold War In April 1946, the
65th Army was reorganised as the 7th Mechanised Army at
Łódź. On 20 December, it became the 7th Tank Division (Mobilization), with its divisions becoming regiments. It was headquartered in Borisov from May 1948. On 21 March 1950, it was increased in strength to an army with its old designation. In 1955 the 7th Mechanized Army was equipped with the
IS-3,
T-54,
T-34 and
PT-76 tanks, as well as the
ISU-122 self-propelled gun. In 1957, the 7th Mechanized Army was transformed into 7th Tank Army. • The 10th Tank Division was reformed in the
34th Tank Division • 15th Guards Mechanized Division was reformed in the 47th Guards Tank Division • 27th Guards Mechanized Division – the 39th Guards Tank Division. In 1960, the 47th Guards Tank Division was renamed the 45th Guards Tank Division. In 1965, the 45th Guards Rivne Tank Division became a training tank formation subordinated to the
Belorussian Military District, and the 39th Guards Tank Division was reorganized into the
37th Guards Rechitsa Tank Division. From 1960 to 1980, the basis of the 7th Tank Army was formed by the
3rd Guards Kotelnikovo, the 34th Dnieper, and the 37th Guards Rechitsa Tank Divisions. The formation actively participated in well-known large-scale exercises and maneuvers such as "Dnepr", "Neman", "Dvina",
Exercise Zapad-81 and "Fall 88". By a Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet on 15 January 1974, for good results in combat training, the 7th Tank Army was awarded the
Order of the Red Banner.
Service in the Belarus Ground Forces After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus were created on the basis of the
Belorussian Military District, including the 7th Tank Army. In 1993, the 7th Tank Army was renamed the 7th Army Corps, and in 1994 the 65th Army Corps. In December 2001, as a result of the reform of the Armed Forces of Belarus, the corps was transformed into the North-Western Operational Command (NWOC). Since then the troops and staff of the NWOC have participated in the exercises "Neman-2001", "Berezina-2002", "The Shield of the Fatherland – 2004", "Shield of the Union – 2006", "West-2009" and others. A joint operational exercise of the armed forces of the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation, "Shield of the Union", was held in 2011. The exercise was held at the
Ashuluk range in
Astrakhan Oblast in the Russian Federation. The command participated in exercise "West-2011". ==Units==