The museum has been collecting footwear since the 1870s and now boasts the largest collection of shoes in the world, which was designated as being of international importance by the
Museums, Libraries and Archives Council in 1997. The ground floor is given over to the display of some of the museum's 12,000 pairs of shoes, spanning the period from the
Ancient Egyptians to the present day. There are also two galleries dedicated to footwear: Life & Sole focuses on the history of shoemaking and contains a re-creation of an old shoe factory; Followers of Fashion concentrates on the history of fashions in footwear throughout the centuries. Some of the paintings on display reflect the museum's focus on footwear, such as the 17th-19th century Dutch and Flemish works by
Jan Miel and
Hendrik van Oort featuring cobblers, shoemakers and shoeshiners. As long-time Keeper of the Boot and Shoe Collection, curator
June Swann played a significant role in its development. She began in 1950, and worked there for 38 years. The second and third floors of the museum house exhibits about Northampton's history and displays of Oriental ceramics and Italian art from the 15th to the 18th century. ==Sekhemka statue controversy==