MarketWinter Hill Gang
Company Profile

Winter Hill Gang

The Winter Hill Gang was a loose confederation of American organized crime figures in the Boston, Massachusetts, area. The organization itself derives its name from the Winter Hill neighborhood of Somerville, Massachusetts, north of Boston. The Winter Hill Gang was given its name in the 1970s by journalists at the Boston Herald. The gang formed in Somerville under the leadership of Howard "Howie" Winter and James "Buddy" McLean. It was generally considered an Irish mob organization, with most gang members and the leadership consisting predominantly of Irish-Americans, although some notable members, such as Stephen Flemmi and Johnny Martorano, were of Italian-American descent.

History
The Irish Gang Wars in a 1961 mugshot The Winter Hill Gang was founded in 1961 by James "Buddy" McLean and Howard "Howie" Winter, who were partners in a trucking company, when they became involved in illegal gambling, numbers running, bookmaking and loansharking in the Winter Hill neighborhood of Somerville, Massachusetts, a northwestern suburb of Boston. The Winter Hill Gang co-existed in relative peace with the McLaughlin Gang from the Boston neighborhood of Charlestown, led by Bernie, Georgie and Edward "Punchy" McLaughlin, until an incident at Salisbury Beach on Labor Day weekend 1961. While at a party, Georgie McLaughlin made an advance on the girlfriend of Winter Hill Gang member Alexander "Bobo" Petricone, Jr. McLaughlin was subsequently beaten unconscious by members of the Winter Hill Gang and was dumped outside the local hospital. Bernie McLaughlin went to see McLean and demanded that he hand over the members of the gang who beat his brother. McLean refused. The McLaughlins took this refusal as an insult and attempted to wire a bomb to McLean's wife's car. The murders of the Hughes brothers marked the conclusion of the first Irish Gang War, with the Winter Hill Gang victorious despite the death of McLean. The younger Mullens, whose ranks included many Vietnam War veterans, The Mullen–Killeen feud escalated significantly after an incident in 1969 in which Kenny Killeen bit off the nose of Mullen Gang member Mickey Dwyer in a bar fight at the Transit Café. Afterwards, a murder attempt was made on Mullen leader Patrick "Pat" Nee, whose gang retaliated by killing Killeen enforcer Billy O'Sullivan on March 28, 1971. Killeen's death left James "Whitey" Bulger in charge of the gang. In January 1973, the Winter Hill Gang entered into a partnership with the Patriarca crime family of Providence, Rhode Island to control gambling rackets in Boston. Shortly afterwards, Gennaro "Jerry" Angiulo, the Patriarca family underboss and head of the family's Boston faction, enlisted the Winter Hill Gang for assistance in a war against a small gang based in Somerville led by Alfred "Indian Al" Notarangeli. The Notarangeli gang had begun extorting bookmakers who were under the protection of the Patriarca family, and while on furlough from prison in 1972, Notarangeli murdered one of Angiulo's bookies, Paulie Folino. The Winter Hill Gang subsequently began exterminating members of Notarangeli's gang. Explaining how the Winter Hill Gang differed from the Patriarca family in their methods of killing, Flemmi described the gang as "hunters" who tracked down their targets, while the Mafia would wait, possibly for years, for their intended victim to show up on Hanover Street to kill them. On March 8, 1973, Michael Milano, a bartender, was machine gunned to death in the Brighton neighborhood of Boston after Martorano mistook him for Notarangeli. Milano's friend, Louis Lapiana, and Lapiana's girlfriend, Dianne Sussman, were also wounded in the shooting. The Winter Hill Gang made another attempt to kill Notarangeli on March 19, 1973, when the car in which he was traveling was fired upon by Martorano and Winter in Boston's North End. Notarangeli survived unharmed. Notarangeli's driver, Albert "Bud" Plummer, died from his wounds, on March 23, 1973. On March 24, 1973, William "Billy" O'Brien was killed when Martorano strafed his car with machine gun fire on Morrissey Boulevard in an attempt to murder another Notarangeli gang member, Ralph DeMasi, On April 18, 1973, Joseph "Indian Joe" Notorangeli, the brother of Al Notorangeli, was shot and killed by Martorano in a restaurant in Medford Square. Notarangeli fled to the West Coast before returning to Boston in late 1973 in an attempt to make peace with Angiulo. Leadership change chart of the Winter Hill Gang structure circa 1975 Following the merger of the Mullen and Killeen gangs into the Winter Hill Gang, several former Mullen members resented the amalgamation and continued to seek revenge against their former Killeen rivals. Consequently, Winter sanctioned the murders of any members who were deemed subversive to his leadership. Paul "Paulie" McGonagle, who sought retaliation against former Killeen Gang member Bulger for the killing of his brother and who rivaled Bulger for control of rackets in South Boston, was murdered on November 20, 1974. His body was buried at Tenean Beach in Dorchester. Another former Mullen gangster, Tommy King, was killed on November 5, 1975 after a dispute with Bulger. King was lured to his death when the gang ostensibly recruited him to take part in a hit team who were purportedly being assembled to kill Allan "Suitcase" Fidler, an associate of the boxer and bar owner Eddie "the Buldog" Connors, who the Winter Hill Gang had killed earlier that year. King was buried near the Neponset River in Quincy. The Winter Hill Gang expanded into Lowell in the early 1970s, taking control of sports betting and loan sharking in the city and its surrounding towns in the Merrimack Valley. The gang was quite proficient at murdering rival mobsters in order to take over their rackets. But once they gained control, they had no idea how to run them. They learned the lesson of their gang's disastrous foray into gambling after wiping out Notarangeli's crew. In what should have been a fabulously profitable illicit gambling enterprise, the gang lost it. As the years went by, Bulger and Flemmi lost interest in running any kind of gambling operation. They would eventually only provide protection for bookmakers, drug dealers and truck hijackers. By 1975, Winter and Martorano were going broke. Eventually they had to go to Angiulo to borrow money. To make the weekly payments, they began going into businesses with people they didn't know and couldn't trust. These activities included rigging horse races and drug trafficking. By 1975, the Winter Hill Gang was allegedly on the verge of a mob war with the Patriarca family. exploited the underworld tensions by recruiting Bulger and Flemmi into the FBI's Top Echelon Informant program. Bulger and Flemmi began providing information on the Mafia in exchange for protection by the FBI. The Winter Hill Gang became involved in a horse race-fixing scheme when Winter and Martorano partnered with Anthony "Fat Tony" Ciulla, a hustler from the North End of Boston, and his associate, Billy Barnoski, beginning in 1974. The gangsters would successfully place large wagers with bookmakers throughout the country on unfancied race horses after swaying betting odds in their favor by bribing and threatening jockeys and doping horses. When Winter and the rest of the Somerville crew were all sent to prison, Bulger and Flemmi were able to assume control as the new leaders of the Winter Hill Gang. Bulger's allies in the FBI alerted him to the police surveillance, and he and Flemmi subsequently began operating from South Boston. The Winter Hill Gang infiltrated the jai alai industry when John "Jack" Callahan, an accountant and aspiring gangster from Medford who was acquainted with Bulger and Flemmi, became the president of World Jai-Alai, a parimutuel betting company based in Miami and Hartford, Connecticut. Callahan recruited H. Paul Rico, a corrupt former FBI agent from Boston who had retired to Miami, as head of security at World Jai-Alai, and also enlisted the help of Martorano, who had fled to South Florida to avoid being arrested in the race-fixing scheme. In 1979, the Tulsa, Oklahoma businessman Roger Wheeler bought World Jai-Alai. Suspecting the embezzlement scheme, Wheeler fired Callahan and World Jai-Alai's three top financial officers, replaced them with own people in key positions, and began an audit in 1980. Fearing that Wheeler was on the verge of reporting the skimming operation to authorities, Bulger ordered his murder. Martorano shot and killed Wheeler outside a Tulsa country club on May 27, 1981. After Bulger and Flemmi were tipped off by their FBI handler, John "Zip" Connolly, that Callahan was being sought by the FBI for questioning in Wheeler's murder, Martorano shot Callahan dead on July 31, 1982 and left his body in the trunk of his car at Miami International Airport. The Winter Hill Gang played a role in the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA)'s paramilitary actions in the late 20th century. In his novel, A Criminal and an Irishman, Nee detailed the gang's involvement with the IRA. He said that Bulger "loved being associated with the IRA and the cause of Irish Freedom". He went on to say that Bulger's association with the IRA gave him a sense of legitimacy. Nee played an active role in raising funds and smuggling weapons to the IRA. In September 1984, the Valhalla, a fishing boat, left Boston harbor loaded with weapons. The authorities attempted to use McIntyre as an informant against Bulger. However, Bulger received information from FBI agent Connolly that the fisherman had gone to the police. Connolly provided McIntyre's whereabouts and Bulger along with his right-hand man Flemmi tortured and killed him. The gang also controlled much of the loansharking and protection rackets in the Boston area, extorting money from bookmakers and legitimate businesses. Bulger and Flemmi escaped prosecution by the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) throughout narcotics investigations during 1984–1985 and 1989–1990 due to the protection they received from the FBI. In August 1990, 51 Winter Hill Gang-affiliated drug dealers were arrested at the end of an investigation by the DEA, the Boston Police Department, and the Massachusetts State Police. The investigation—which targeted three separate drug rings, led by Shea, Moore, and Hobart Willis, each of whom operated under the umbrella of the Winter Hill Gang—effectively ended the gang's drug operations. Flemmi acted as the Winter Hill Gang's liaison to the Patriarca family. Downfall Bulger and Flemmi were "closed", or terminated, as informants shortly after Connolly's retirement from the FBI in 1990, although the Winter Hill Gang's illegal activities continued. In 1998, during a trial for racketeering and fixing horse races, Steve Flemmi and Whitey Bulger were revealed under disclosure to be FBI informants. Steve Flemmi and Whitey Bulger were implicated in many unlawful activities, including murder, but were never brought to justice due to their FBI handlers diverting their guilt onto others in the gang or various other gangs of the time. They were first handled by Special Agent H. Paul Rico and then later by SA John "Zip" Connolly. In addition to providing details on other gangs, Flemmi and Bulger relayed information on fellow members of the Winter Hill Gang to the FBI. When they had nothing to report, they would make up information to ensure that they were seen to be of high value to the agency. == Historical leadership ==
Historical leadership
Boss • 1961–1965 – James "Buddy" McLean – Murdered on October 31, 1965. • 1965–1978 – Howard "Howie" Winter – Jailed in 1978, released in 2002, died in 2020 • 1978–1995 – James "Whitey" Bulger – One of the most infamous Irish Mob bosses. Fled Boston in 1994 due to a pending federal indictment. He was on the FBI's Ten Most Wanted list until his arrest in Santa Monica, California, on June 22, 2011. He had a $2 million bounty on his head. Killed in his cell at age 89 the night after he was transferred to USP Hazleton on October 30, 2018. • 1995–2000 – Kevin Weeks – Was Bulger's lieutenant, he was arrested on November 17, 1999 and became a cooperating witness in January 2000; released from federal prison on February 4, 2005, he wrote a book in 2006 entitled ''Brutal: The Untold Story of My Life Inside Whitey Bulger's Irish Mob'' == Former members and associates ==
Former members and associates
William "Billy" Barnoski – Barnoski was a Winter Hill Gang enforcer. He was convicted in 1984 on federal charges related to illegal sports betting. Upon his release from prison, Barnoski was given permission by the gang to take over the operations of Lowell bookmaker John "Jackie" McDermott. After learning that McDermott had begun cooperating against him, Barnoski killed John McDermott and wounded his son, Peter McDermott, at their home on May 10, 1988. He was convicted of murder and attempted murder, and sentenced to life in prison on June 27, 1989. He died from MRSA and sepsis at a Leominster hospital aged 74 on September 9, 2013. He was sent to federal prison for bank robbery in 1956, serving part of his sentence at Alcatraz, before being released in 1965. Bulger became an enforcer for the South Boston crime boss Donald Killeen, head of the Killeen Gang. After Killeen was gunned down by the rival Mullen Gang in 1972, Bulger was consolidated into the Winter Hill Gang. In 1979, Bulger and Flemmi were omitted from a federal horse race-fixing indictment which resulted in the imprisonment of Winter Hill Gang boss Howard Winter, allowing the duo to take control of the gang. In December 1974, Callahan became the president and chief executive officer of World Jai Alai (WJA), a Florida-based sports betting enterprise which operated jai alai frontons in Miami, Tampa, Ocala, and Fort Pierce. He recruited several Bostonians into WJA, including the corrupt retired FBI agent H. Paul Rico, who he hired as head of security. Callahan was also a close associate of John Martorano, who was living in South Florida as a fugitive, and acted as a gang conduit by ferrying money from George Kaufman in Boston to Martorano in Florida. With the assistance of his Boston associates, Callahan implemented a scheme which allowed the Winter Hill Gang and its leaders, James Bulger and Stephen Flemmi, to skim over $1 million per year from WJA. • Nicholas V. "Nick" Femia – Femia was an enforcer for Joseph Barboza's East Boston Gang and a veteran of the 1960s Boston gang wars. In 1966, he was arrested by the Boston police along with two others after they were stopped while traveling in a car containing an M1 Garand rifle, a .45 calibre pistol and a knife. Femia briefly served as a bodyguard for Winter Hill Gang leaders James Bulger and Stephen Flemmi. He was the younger brother of Vincent Flemmi. Flemmi was affiliated with the Patriarca crime family and the Winter Hill Gang. In 1979, Winter Hill Gang boss Howard Winter and others were indicted in a federal horse race-fixing case. Due to the influence of Connolly and his FBI supervisor, John Morris, Flemmi and Bulger were left out of the indictment and were able to assume leadership of the gang. • Vincent James "Jimmy the Bear" Flemmi — The older brother of Stephen Flemmi, Vincent Flemmi was a hitman and FBI informant. He was a fugitive for three years after escaping prison in 1975. Flemmi died of a drug overdose in Norfolk State Prison on October 16, 1979. • James P. "Jimmy" Flynn – Flynn was a Winter Hill Gang associate from Somerville. He was wrongfully implicated in the May 1982 double murder of Brian Halloran and Michael Donahue. James Bulger had committed the killings while wearing a brown wig which made him resemble Flynn, and the dying Halloran incorrectly identified Flynn as his shooter. Flynn was acquitted of murder charges in 1986. He became the transportation coordinator for Teamsters Local 25, working in the film industry. In June 2000, Flynn's Weymouth home was raided by federal agents, but he was not charged. Flynn died on September 12, 2022, at the age of 88. • Edward Brian "Balloonhead" Halloran — Halloran was born in Medford on July 23, 1940. He was a minor associate of the Winter Hill Gang and the Patriarca crime family who operated as an enforcer and cocaine dealer. In the early hours of October 13, 1981, Halloran accompanied Patriarca mobster John Salemme to a meeting with George Pappas, a drug dealer who had defrauded a cocaine/marijuana ring jointly controlled by the Winter Hill Gang and Patriarca family, at the Four Seas Chinese restaurant in Boston's Chinatown. During the meeting, Halloran fatally shot Pappas through the eye. Charged with first-degree murder and released on $50,000 bail, Halloran survived two attempted shootings by the Mafia before he began cooperating with the FBI in January 1982, requesting immunity and protection in return. The FBI initially moved him and his family to a home on Cape Cod for security. On May 11, 1982, Bulger, along with an unidentified accomplice, killed Halloran in a drive-by shooting outside Anthony's Pier 4 restaurant in South Boston. An acquaintance of Halloran, Michael Donahue, was also killed in the attack. • John T. Hurley – Hurley was a minor associate of the Charlestown and Winter Hill gangs. In 1966, he survived being shot in a barroom. In 1982, Hurley inadvertently tipped off gang boss James Bulger to the whereabouts of Brian Halloran, who had gone into hiding after becoming an FBI informant, resulting in Bulger killing Halloran hours later. • George Kaufman – Kaufman was a senior member of the Winter Hill Gang. He served as the gang's liaison to the Patriarca family and to Boston's network of Jewish bookmakers. Kaufman owned a series of garages, including those on Marshall Street in Somerville and Lancaster Street in Boston's West End, which were used as Winter Hill Gang headquarters. The gang used Kaufman's Brookline home to house a stockpile of weapons until the late 1980s, when the cache was moved the Stephen Flemmi's parents' home in South Boston. On January 10, 1995, Kaufman was indicted along with six other gangsters on federal racketeering, extortion and loansharking charges. He was a major drug trafficker who operated under the protection of the Winter Hill Gang. On May 29, 1978, LePere kidnapped Michael J. Romanelli, who worked for another major marijuana dealer, Donald J. Steinberg, after Romanelli used LePere's pier in Plymouth to unload 30 tons of marijuana without LePere's permission. After being held for ransom at a Marshfiled apartment for five days, Romanelli was released when LePere received $500,000 from Steinberg's organization. Beginning in 1979, He also bribed David P. Twomey, a federal prosecutor with the New England Organized Crime Strike Force, for information on investigations and pending indictments. Twomey was the lead prosecutor in the Strike Force's investigation into a drug ring headed by LePere, which imported marijuana from Colombia into Maine, Vermont, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Massachusetts and South Carolina. A warning from Twomey allowed LePere to flee to upstate New York before he was indicted on drug importation charges on December 8, 1981. LePere remained at large until he was arrested by the DEA near Lake George at Kattskill Bay, New York on November 2, 1984. He pleaded guilty in June 1985 to smuggling 145 tons of marijuana into the United States and became a government witness, providing information which led to the prosecution of Twomey on bribery charges. LePere was sentenced on July 18, 1985 to five years in federal prison. He also agreed to forfeit to the government $1.25 million in real estate and $1.6 million in cash. LePere was released in November 1987 after serving 30 months. He then relocated to Florida, where he died on January 30, 2021, aged 77. While imprisoned, Martorano was indicted in 1979 along with twenty other Winter Hill Gang members and associates on federal race-fixing charges relating to the fixing of horse races during the mid-1970s. He was convicted in 1980. Martorano later became a "made" member and capo in the Patriarca crime family. In 1995, he was indicted along with the leaders of the Patriarca family and the Winter Hill Gang on federal racketeering charges. He also owned Triple-O's Lounge, a South Boston tavern that was used as a headquarters by Winter Hill Gang members. O'Neil was arrested on federal racketeering charges on November 17, 1999. He cooperated with the government, pleaded guilty to racketeering in October 2000, and was sentenced to a year in prison in September 2004. • Charles G. "Charlie" Raso – Raso was a bookmaker originally partnered with Joe Notorangeli, who was killed by the Winter Hill Gang in 1973. He then began working with James Bulger, Steve Flemmi and John Martorano. He also laundered money for Martorano. • James L. "Jimmy" Sims – Sims was a founding member of the Winter Hill Gang. He was involved in the gang's horse race-fixing scheme and went on the run in 1977 to avoid state charges before being captured in Key West, Florida in 1982. Sims was convicted in the race fixing scheme in 1983, and disappeared following his release from Walpole State Prison in 1987. He was among the original members of the Winter Hill Gang. Sperlinga was convicted in January 1978 and sentenced to nine-to-ten years in state prison. While on work release from prison on January 4, 1980, Sperlinga was shot and killed by drug dealer Daniel Moran as he played cards in a social club in Magoun Square. Sperlinga had reportedly tried to keep Moran out of the neighborhood. Moran was convicted of first-degree murder and sentenced to life in prison. • Howard Thomas "Howie" Winter – Winter was a founding member of the Winter Hill Gang, He died, aged 91, on November 12, 2020. • Joseph "Joey Y" Yerardi – Yerardi was a Newton bookmaker and loanshark. == List of murders committed by the Winter Hill Gang ==
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