The first part of the peace plan, titled the "Implementation Steps for President Trump's Proposal for a Comprehensive End of Gaza War", was signed by Israel and Hamas on October 9, 2025, in Sharm el Sheikh, Egypt. The agreed to text was as follows: {{Quote frame| '''Implementation Steps for President Trump's Proposal for a "Comprehensive End of Gaza War"''' Implementation steps: • President Trump announces the end to the war in the Gaza Strip, and that the parties have agreed to implement the necessary steps to that end. • The war will immediately end upon the approval of the Israeli government. All military operations, including aerial and artillery bombardment and targeting operations will be suspended. During the 72-hour period, aerial surveillance will be suspended over the areas which IDF forces have withdrawn from. • Immediate commencement of full entry of humanitarian aid and relief as determined in the Proposal, and at a minimum in consistence with the 19 January 2025 agreement regarding humanitarian aid. Humanitarian aid and relief implementation steps are attached herewith. • The IDF will withdraw to the lines agreed upon, as per map X attached herewith, and this will be completed after President Trump's announcement and within 24 hours of Israeli government's approval. The IDF will not return to areas it has withdrawn from, as long as Hamas fully implements the agreement. • Within 72 hours of the withdrawal of Israeli forces, all Israeli hostages, living and deceased, held in Gaza will be released (list attached).
Phase one agreed timeline The timeline is as follows: • US president Donald Trump announces the end of the war in the Gaza Strip • Hostilities will cease once the agreement is approved by the Israeli cabinet • Entry of humanitarian aid into the Gaza Strip will commence upon the cessation of hostilities • Israeli armed forces will commence withdrawing to the lines agreed upon approval of the agreement (the "
yellow line") with this process being completed within 24 hours • All living hostages should be released within 72 hours of the completion of the withdrawal of Israeli forces • All remains of deceased hostages within Hamas's possession should be returned within 72 hours of the completion of the withdrawal of Israeli forces • Palestinian prisoners to be released in parallel with the release of Israeli hostages • A task force including representatives from the United States, Qatar, Egypt, Turkey and other countries is to be formed to monitor on the implementation of the agreement.
Cessation of hostilities The Israeli cabinet approved the agreement in the early hours of October 10, 2025. Subsequently, the Israeli armed forces began withdrawing from parts of the Gaza Strip to agreed-upon deployment lines, also known as the Yellow Line. The withdrawal was completed at 12 noon local time on October 10, at which point the ceasefire formally came into effect. The United States began establishing a joint control centre under the leadership of
Brad Cooper, head of
US Central Command, to monitor the cessation of hostilities. On October 11, Brad Cooper, Steve Witkoff, and Jared Kushner travelled into the Gaza Strip to verify Israel's compliance with the first phase of the agreement. On October 12, Hamas announced it was prepared to transfer the 20 living hostages to Israel. In response, Netanyahu stated, "Israel is prepared and ready for the immediate reception of all our hostages." Israeli sources indicated they believed Hamas would release the hostages before midnight on Sunday so that they would be under Israeli care when Trump arrived in Israel on Monday morning. Coordinator for Hostages and Missing Persons
Gal Hirsch said the most "realistic" time for the hostages' return is 6 or 7 a.m. on Monday, though there are reports they could return earlier. That evening, Trump declared that "The war is over" and that the Board of Peace and interim administration would be formed quickly.
Release of hostages being released to the
Israel Defense Forces on October 13, 2025 On October 13 at 8 a.m., in
Gaza City, Hamas released 7 hostages to the
Red Cross and then into the custody of IDF troops. Around 11 a.m., in the southern Gaza Strip, Hamas released the additional 13 living hostages to the Red Cross and then into the custody of IDF troops. Hamas ultimately decided to return the remains of four of the dead hostages later on October 13, despite agreeing to release all 28. According to Israeli officials the released hostages were aged 22–48, and included a pair of twin brothers and IDF soldiers. Hamas permitted certain hostages to conduct video calls with their families shortly prior to their release. Following their release, the hostages were transported to medical facilities, including
Sheba Medical Center in
Tel Hashomer, for evaluation and treatment. They faced a range of health issues, including malnutrition, loss of muscle and fat, shrapnel injuries, burns, and other physical trauma. Some also experienced complications from overfeeding shortly before their release after months of
starvation. meets his family for the first time after his release from Hamas captivity, October 13, 2025. Later on October 13, 2025, during a ceremony in Gaza, the
Israeli Defense Forces received the caskets containing the bodies of four deceased hostages and then brought the caskets out of Gaza and into Israel after crossing the
Gaza-Israel border. The deceased hostages were reportedly aged between 22 and 53, and included a Nepalese agriculture student and an IDF soldier. As of October 25, Hamas had returned the remains of only 15 deceased hostages, while the remains of 13 others remained in its possession that it is obligated to return under the agreement. Trump issued a statement acknowledging that Hamas may not know the location of some remains, but noted that there are several to which the group has access and is nevertheless withholding. He warned Hamas that it would be held responsible if the ceasefire collapses and stated that he would closely monitor the group's compliance with the agreement over the next 48 hours. On October 30, Hamas returned to Israel the remains of two deceased hostages, who were abducted from their homes and killed in Hamas captivity. Israeli authorities confirmed their identities the same day. As of that date, the remains of 11 additional deceased hostages were still being held in Gaza, and Israel said Hamas is "required to fulfill its commitments to the mediators and return them as part of the implementation of the agreement". and his partner, former hostage
Noa Argamani, October 13, 2025 On November 2, Hamas returned the remains of three deceased hostages to Israel. These hostages, including
Asaf Hamami and
Omer Neutra, were soldiers who were abducted after being killed in combat during the October 7 attacks. As of that date, the remains of eight more deceased hostages were still being held in Gaza. On November 4, Hamas transferred to Israel the remains of the hostage
Itay Chen, a
7th Armored Brigade soldier killed in his tank near
Nahal Oz on October 7 attacks. Chen was the last slain hostage with US citizenship still held in Gaza. As of that date, the bodies of seven more deceased hostages remained in the Strip. On November 5, Hamas transferred to Israel the remains of the hostage
Joshua Loitu Mollel, a 21-year-old Tanzanian agricultural intern abducted from Kibbutz Nahal Oz on October 7 attacks. As of that date, the bodies of six more deceased hostages remained in the Strip. On November 7, Hamas transferred to Israel the remains of the hostage
Lior Rudaeff, a 61‑year‑old the deputy security coordinator at Kibbutz Nir Yitzhak and a member of its civil‑defence squad, who was killed on the morning of October 7, 2023, during the militant attack, with his body subsequently abducted to Gaza. As of that date, the remains of five additional deceased hostages remained in the Strip. On November 9, the remains of the hostage
Hadar Goldin were returned to Israel, after more than 11 years in captivity by Hamas. He had been killed and abducted during the
2014 Gaza War on August 1, 2014, amid a humanitarian cease‑fire and subsequent tunnel attack. As of that date, the remains of four additional deceased hostages were still held in the Gaza Strip. On November 13, the remains of one more Israeli hostage were handed over by Hamas to Israel. On November 25, the remains of one more Israeli hostage were handed over by PIJ and Hamas to Israel. On December 3, the remains of one more hostage were handed over by Hamas to Israel. On January 26, the IDF announced that it recovered the body of the last hostage in Gaza. Hamas claimed it had provided all the information it had about the hostage's remains and accused Israeli government of obstructing efforts to search for them in Israeli-controlled areas of Gaza.
Release of Palestinians held by Israel After the return of the living hostages, Israel began releasing
Palestinian prisoners, both living and deceased. Some 45 bodies of Palestinians were turned over to the Red Cross without identification on October 15, with more expected. As of October 20, Israel had returned 150 bodies to Gaza, of which 135 had been held at
Sde Teiman detention camp. According to doctors in
Khan Yunis, forensic examinations "indicate that Israel carried out acts of murder, summary executions and
systematic torture against many of the Palestinians", and showed "signs of direct gunfire at point-blank range and bodies crushed beneath Israeli tank tracks". Reports of torture were confirmed by Palestinian detainees who were released alive by Israel as part of the Gaza ceasefire deal. The IDF denied engaging in torture, stated that it operates in accordance with international law, and said it had returned the bodies of combatants, but this could not be independently verified. Relatives of some of the deceased denied these allegations. The living Palestinians released by Israel include 1,718 Gaza detainees
arrested over the course of the war. About 1,700 of these Gazans had been
held without charge. Prior to the release, 11,056 Palestinians, including hundreds of women and children, were held in Israeli prisons according to
HaMoked, with about 3,500 of those held in
administrative detention without trial. Some of the released prisoners were seen with protruding cheekbones, showing signs of recent beatings, and had to be supported by relatives as they were unable to walk.
Humanitarian aid The phase one agreement stipulated that humanitarian aid should enter the Gaza Strip once hostilities had ceased. From October 21, 2025, the
United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs began to publish daily reports about efforts of recovery in Gaza after the ceasefire, monitoring the establishment of food distribution centers, increase in medical help, measures to protect women, people with disabilities and so on. By November 18, it was reported that an average of 800 aid trucks were entering the Gaza Strip every day.
Civil-Military Coordination Center established A
Civil-Military Coordination Center (CMCC), under the leadership of Admiral
Brad Cooper, head of
US Central Command, was set up shortly after the ceasefire agreement came into effect on October 10, 2025. The center aims to help facilitate the flow of humanitarian, logistical, and security assistance from international counterparts into Gaza. US diplomat
Steven Fagin serves as the civilian lead of the CMCC.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 2803 adopted On November 3, the United States submitted a draft resolution to the
United Nations Security Council that would mandate a Stabilization Force for two years under the direction of a Board of Peace. The draft underwent two further revisions before being adopted as
United Nations Security Council Resolution 2803 on November 17.
Commencement of the second phase The commencement of the second phase of the plan was announced by US Special Envoy
Steve Witkoff on January 14, 2026 This phase marks a shift from the initial ceasefire to "demilitarization, technocratic governance, and reconstruction". On January 17, the
White House announced the formation of a broader "
Board of Peace," including a Gaza-focused executive board, which U.S. officials said was intended to support the implementation of postwar arrangements. Israel received a formal U.S. invitation to join the Board of Peace a couple of days later, as part of the administration's initial outreach to selected governments. It was reported that the United States sent invitations to approximately 60 countries in total, underscoring the administration's intention to establish the Board of Peace as a global conflict-resolution mechanism extending beyond Gaza. The announcement prompted objections from the
Israeli government, which stated that the proposal had not been coordinated with Israel and ran counter to Israeli policy. According to Israeli officials, the criticism also stemmed from the inclusion of Turkish and Qatari representatives on the proposed board. Israeli officials additionally warned that the board's proposed mandate could limit Israel's freedom of action in Gaza by transferring key security and governance decisions to an international forum. Among EU member states,
Hungary has been the only country to confirm its acceptance of an invitation, while others have expressed reservations related to the board's proposed charter and financing arrangements. Norway, Sweden, and France were among the countries that publicly declined to participate in the initiative, while Italy stated it would not join due to domestic legal and constitutional considerations. Outside the
European Union,
Vietnam has also confirmed its acceptance, and a number of additional countries, including India, Australia, Jordan, Greece, Cyprus, and Pakistan, have acknowledged receiving invitations but had not announced decisions on participation at the time of reporting. It was later reported that Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Egypt, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Indonesia, and Pakistan formally agreed to join the board, significantly expanding its geographic scope. On January 21, Israel reversed its earlier position after Prime Minister Benjamin
Netanyahu agreed to join the U.S.-led Board of Peace, following further discussions with Washington. Netanyahu's office said Israel accepted the invitation after receiving clarifications regarding the board's structure and mandate, narrowing its scope and procedurally separating it from the broader Board of Peace framework, addressing some Israeli concerns. By that date, roughly 35 countries had accepted invitations. Trump, serving as the Board's Chairman, was joined by leaders from 18 founding nations, including Kazakhstan's
President Tokayev, who signed the charter to transition the body into a permanent international organization. During the launch,
Jared Kushner presented a "futuristic" blueprint for a unified Gaza, featuring high-rise towers and an airport, while noting that the territory would include a new buffer zone along the Israeli border. On February 2, the
Rafah border crossing was reopened. On March 5, Indonesia's president
Prabowo Subianto threatened to quit the Gaza Peace Plan if Palestinians do not benefit, expecting to be an initial step towards a full
Palestinian independence recognised by the
international community with the help of the
UN and the
Organisation of Islamic Cooperation for the Palestinian cause. ==Violations and deviations==