Bulgaria In
Bulgaria,
s are the abolished primary unit of the administrative division and implied "districts" or "counties". They existed in the postwar Bulgaria between 1946 and 1987 and corresponded approximately to today's
oblasts.
Poland As historical administrative subdivisions of
Poland, existed in the later part of the
Congress Poland period, from 1842, when the name was applied to the former
powiats (the name being transferred to the former
obwody). See:
subdivisions of Congress Poland. were also created temporarily from 1945 to 1946, in the areas annexed to Poland from Germany as a result of the Soviet military advance. An was then subdivided into . These were later replaced by
voivodeships, and the by s.
Russia Imperial Russia Okrugs were one of the several types of administrative division for
oblasts and selected
governorates in
Imperial Russia. Until the 1920s, okrugs were administrative districts in
Cossack hosts such as the
Don Cossacks.
Soviet Union Inherited from Imperial Russia, in the 1920s,
okrugs were administrative divisions of several other primary divisions such as
oblasts,
krais, and others. For some time in the 1920s they also served as the primary unit upon the abolishment of
guberniyas and were divided into
raions. On 30 July 1930 most of the okrugs were abolished. The remaining okrugs were phased out in the
Russian SFSR during 1930–1946, although they were retained in
Zakarpattia Oblast of the
Ukrainian SSR in a status equivalent to that of a raion. National okrugs were first created in the
Mountain ASSR of the Russian SFSR in 1921 as units of the Soviet autonomy and additional national okrugs were created in the Russian SFSR for the peoples of the north and Caucasus region. In 1977, all national okrugs were renamed autonomous okrugs.
Russian Federation In the present-day
Russian Federation, the term
okrug is either translated as
district or rendered directly as
okrug, and is used to describe the following types of divisions: •
Federal Districts (), such as the
Siberian Federal District •
Autonomous okrugs (), such as
Chukotka Autonomous Okrug After the series of mergers in 2005–2008, several autonomous okrugs of Russia lost their federal subject status and are now considered to be administrative territories within the federal subjects they had been merged into: •
Agin-Buryat Okrug, a territory with special status within
Zabaykalsky Krai •
Komi-Permyak Okrug, a territory with special status within
Perm Krai •
Koryak Okrug, a territory with special status within
Kamchatka Krai •
Ust-Orda Buryat Okrug, a territory with special status within
Irkutsk Oblast Okrug is also used to describe the administrative divisions of the two "
federal cities" in Russia: • the
administrative okrugs of
Moscow are an upper-level administrative division • the
municipal okrugs of
St. Petersburg is a lower-level administrative division In the federal city of
Sevastopol, municipal okrugs are a type of municipal formation. In
Tver Oblast, the term
okrug also denotes a type of an
administrative division which is equal in status to that of the districts. Furthermore, the designation
okrug denotes several
selsoviet-level administrative divisions: •
okrugs, such as
okrugs of Samara Oblast •
rural okrugs (), such as the
rural okrugs of Belgorod Oblast •
rural territorial okrugs (), such as the
rural territorial okrugs of Murmansk Oblast •
stanitsa okrugs (), such as the
stanitsa okrugs of Krasnodar Krai In some cities, the term
okrug is used to refer to the administrative divisions of those cities. Administrative okrugs are such divisions in the cities of
Murmansk,
Omsk, and
Tyumen; city okrugs are used in
Krasnodar; municipal
okrugs are the divisions of
Nazran; okrugs exist in
Belgorod,
Kaluga,
Kursk, and
Novorossiysk; and territorial okrugs are the divisions of
Arkhangelsk and
Lipetsk. The term
okrug is also used to describe a type of a
municipal formation, the municipal urban okrug—a municipal urban settlement not incorporated into a municipal district. ==See also==