Solar-Terrestrial Observer for the Response of the Magnetosphere

STORM’s main scientific goal is to quantify the global circulation of energy in the solar wind-magnetosphere interaction that powers space weather in Earth’s environment. STORM will achieve this goal by quantifying the flow of energy in four key regions of the Sun-Earth system and addressing target science objectives in each region. These are: • A)   Energy transfer at the dayside magnetopause: How does global magnetopause reconnection control the flow of solar wind energy into the magnetosphere? What are the spatial and temporal properties of this interaction as a function of solar wind conditions? • B)   Energy Circulation and Transfer Through the Magnetotail: How does magnetotail reconnection regulate the circulation of energy from the dayside, through the magnetotail and into the inner magnetosphere. What controls the occurrence and significance of differing reconnection modes? • C)   Energy Sources and Sinks for the Ring Current: How efficiently do magnetotail response modes energize ring current ions? How do transport and loss mechanisms affect the subsequent evolution of the energized ring current? • D)  Energy feedback from the inner magnetosphere: How does the ring current affect the location of the dayside magnetopause and the occurrence of reconnection in the tail? == Mission Design==

Onboard Instruments STORM has a complement of 6 onboard instruments: 2 in-situ instruments and 4 imagers. STORM’s two in-situ instruments, the magnetometer (MAG) and ion electron spectrometer (IES), measure the local magnetic field and plasma, respectively. STORM’s 4 imagers, the soft x-ray imager (XRI)[5], the far ultraviolet imager (FUV), the energetic neutral atom imager (ENA), and LAICA, make nearly continuous observations of the magnetopause and bow shock, the auroral oval, the Earth’s ring current, and the exosphere (respectively). Ground-based Instruments STORM’s 6 onboard instruments are further supplemented with an array of all-sky imagers (ASI) which provide high spatio-temporal observations of the aurora. STORM will deploy 28 ASI at 14 locations across North America to image the green (557.7 nm) and red (630.0 nm) line aurora. Orbit STORM employs a single lunar swing by to enter a circular 90° inclination orbit with a radius of 30 Earth radii and a period of 9.65 days which precesses a full 360° per year. This orbit enables observations of the magnetosphere’s response to varying solar wind conditions from the full range of vantage points over time scales encompassing all space weather phenomena. Furthermore, this orbit allows scientific return 100% of the time from at least a single instrument and up to 83% of the time from all instruments, allowing for extended observation periods. ==References==